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CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION. 


CATALOGUE 


EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT 


STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA, 


AN APPENDIX, 


CONTAINING AN OUTLINE OF THE 


SYSTEM OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION 




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IN THE STATE 


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FROM THE PRESS OF 

THE INQUIRER P. & P. COMPANY, 
LANCASTER, PA. 


1876. 











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GROUND PLAN OF PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL HALL. 



Centennial Exposition, 1876 . 


EXPLANATION OF GROUND PLAN. 

Pennsylvania Educational Hall. 


Dimensions. — Size of building, without the wings, ioo feet by 
100 feet. Size ot wings, 40 feet by 24 feet. Size of inner room, 
H, I, K, L, 48 feet by 48 feet. Width of main aisle, M, 10 feet. 
Depth of alcoves, a , b, 1, 2, etc., 8 feet. 

Designations.— A— Front Entrance. B, C— Entrances. D 
— Sitting Room. E — Office. F — Reception Room. * M — Main 
Aisle. N, O — Wash Rooms. 

Location of Exhibits — a — Kindergarten. b — Common 
School, c — District and County exhibits, d, e — City exhibits, 
f ,g — Pittsburgh, h — Academies and Seminaries, i — Girard 
College, j — Normal Schools, k, 1, — Colleges, m — Polytechnic 
College, n — Lafayette College, o — University of Pennsyl- 
vania. p — Department of Public Instruction. 1, 2, 3 — School 
Ornamentation. 4, 5, 6 — Soldiers’ Orphan Schools. 7, 8 — Sun- 
day-schools. 9 — Institution for the Blind. 10 — Publications for 
the Blind, n — Astronomical Apparatus. 12 — Normal Schools. 
13, 14 — American Literary Union. 15 — Peirce’s Commercial 
College. 16, 17 — Philadelphia School of Design for Women. 
The Institution for the Feeble-minded, and Shoemaker’s School of 
Elocution, are at the entrance of the inner room, near H ; Perot’s 
Music Charts at the entrance, near K ; and Butler’s Maps at the 
entrance, near I. The room H, I, K, L is appropriated to 
school furniture, school apparatus, and text-books for schools. 
G — A Model of a Country School House and Grounds. P — A 
Fountain. 


PREFATORY NOTE. 

The Pennsylvania Educational Hall, in which is displayed the 
educational exhibit of the State of Pennsylvania, was erected 
under the direction of the Superintendent of Public Instruction, 
with money appropriated by the Legislature for the purpose, 
and voluntarily contributed by school boards, institutions and 
individuals. A special building was erected because at the time the 
matter was taken up in earnest — about the first of March, 1876 — 
the Centennial Commission could not furnish the amount of space 
desired for the exhibit. All the material displayed was furnished 
in response to a request for it, and not a single article sent in was 
rejec ted. The scholars’ work exhibited is, therefore, considered 
no more than a fair sample of the work generally done in the 
schools from which it came. 

By the aid of the plan of the building on the preceding page, 
any one can easily find whatever among the exhibits he may want 
to examine. 

It should, perhaps, be remarked that the inner room, H, I, L, K, 
was originally designed for an assembly room in which to exhibit 
methods of teaching. It was proposed to have teachers bring in 
portions of their classes of all grades, from all kinds of schools 
and in all branches of study, and give a practical exemplification 
of their methods of imparting instruction. It was thought that 
the institutions for the Deaf and Dumb, the Blind and the Feeble- 
minded, would participate in these exercises. With a programme 
arranged in accordance with this view, it was not doubted that 
more could be done to exhibit the life&i our system of public in- 
struction than by the collection of any amount of dead educa- 
tional material. The plan was abandoned only because there 
was too little time to organize it. 

It is proper to add that the sketch of the Public School System of 
Pennsylvania, which is appended to the catalogue, while it may be 
of some use to our own people, is intended for the information of 
foreign gentleman now studying the educational institutions of this 
country. A General Index is placed at the end of the pamphlet. 


Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 


CATALOGUE. 

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 


1. A set of nine large Charts, showing the history, nature, or- 
ganization, statistics, and growth of the system of public educa- 
tion in the State of Pennsylvania. 

2. A Chart showing the statistics of the Normal Schools. 

3. Two Charts showing an outline of the system of Orphan 
Schools, and containing the statistics of these schools. 

4. A set of Certificates granted to teachers by Superintendents. 

5. A set of Certificates and Diplomas granted to graduates of 
the Normal Schools. 

6. A set of Commissions issued by the Department of Public 
Instruction to Superintendents, Trustees of Normal Schools, etc. 

7. The Diploma granted to Soldiers’ Orphans at sixteen years 
of age. 

8. A School Map of Pennsylvania, showing the Educational 
Statistics of each county. 

9. A Map of the State. 

10. An Historical Map of the State. 

11. Portraits as follows: John Breck, Senator, Chairman of the 
Joint Committee of the two Houses that framed the first Common 
School Law in 1834. George Wolfe, Governor, who advocated 
the passage of and signed the first Common School Law. Joseph 
Ritner, Governor, who, succeeding Wolfe, zealously upheld and 

( 7 ) 


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CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


enforced the law. Thaddeus Stevens, who, in the House of 
Representatives in 1835, saved the law from repeal. Thomas H. 
Burrowes, who organized the system of Common Schools in the 
State, and spent his life in perfecting it. Henry C. Hickok, 
Charles R. Coburn and J. P. Wickersham, Superintendents. 

12. A set of the Reports of the Superintendent of Public 
Instruction. 

13. A set of Reports of the Superintendent of Soldiers’ Orphan 
Schools. 

14. Copies of the Digest of School Laws. 

15. A complete set of bound volumes of the Pennsylvania 
School Journal , commencing January, 1852. 

16. Specimen Copies of County Institute Reports. 

17. Two portfolios containing full sets of all the forms used by 
the Department. 


KINDERGARTENS. 


ORGANIZED AND ARRANGED BY 

MISS RACHEL S. WALK, OF PHILADELPHIA. 
Seven Pennsylvania Kindergartens represented. 

Miss Anna Bennet’s, 23 South 19TH Street, Philadelphia. 
Specimens of Mats, woven ; Forms of Beauty, paper-foldings ; 
Perforations in Card-board ; Perforations in Leaves ; Embroidery, 
great variety of patterns. Work done by little pupils from 3 to 
8 years old. 

Mrs. Mulford’s and Miss Kennard’s, No. 612 North 13TH 
St., Philadelphia. Clay-modelings, Lion’s head, Grapes, &c.; 
Peas work, several pieces ; Embroidery, number of beautiful 
patterns ; Perforations ; Mats woven of paper. 

Miss H. McKeever’s, 2oth and Cherry Sts., Philadelphia. 
Embroidery, fine work; Paper Mats, woven in different pat- 
terns. 

Miss H. C. Faye’s, 225 Bushkill St., Easton, Pa. Book- 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 9 

marks, great variety ; Mats ; Baskets, woven of paper ; Crosses, 
of different kinds of paper. 

Miss C. L. Wilson’s, Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh. Forms ot 
Beauty, paper foldings; Pastings; Liberty Bell; Embroidery; 
Specimens of Kindergarten Drawings ; Weaving. Pupils from 3 
years to 7 years. 

Miss R. S. Walk’s, Philadelphia. Forms of Life, paper fold- 
ings ; Forms of Beauty, paper foldings ; Pastings in paper ; 
Paper interlacings ; Paper intertwinings ; Peas work, an old 
chair, and other varieties; Bird’s-nest and Bird in clay; Clay 
Modelings of fruit ; Wax flowers ; 200 Mats, woven ; Paper Lace; 
Flags of Nations, in paper cutting and pasting; Book marks, 
woven; Paper Baskets; Perforations, Fruit, Flowers, Animals and 
the Hemispheres ; Embroidery ; Stick and Slat-laying ; Balls of 
Zephyr ; Covered Balls in red, blue, yellow, green, orange and 
purple; Wheel-barrows; Sewing; Pricked cards. Youngest pupil 
in the Kindergarten, 2 years old. 

Miss R. E. Judkins’s, Philadelphia. Beautiful variety of 
woven Mats; Union Flag ; Crosses ; Perforations of different 
kinds ; Mats with fringe. 


Kindergarten Material, from E. Steiger, 22 and 24 Frank- 
fort St., New York, N. Y. Complete set of Gifts, also Kinder- 
garten Literature. 

Kindergarten Literature, Gifts, Games, &c., from Milton 
Bradley & Co., Springfield, Mass.; large quantity. 

Complete Set of Gifts, from J. W. Schermerhorn & Co., 14 
Bond St.,. New York; also Kindergarten table and black-board. 

Kindergarten Chairs, from Hey wood Bros., 804 Market St., 
Philadelphia. 

Clock, from Mr. A. Krueger, 723 North 10th St., Philadelphia. 

Aquarium, from Mr. Seal, 622 Arch St. 

Case of Wild Ducks, loaned by a friend. 

Bird Cages, from E. Craft & Co., 9th and Market. 

Pictures, Flags, &c. 

Rogers’ Group, Hide and Seek , through Mrs. E. E. Hutter. 

2 


TO 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


A COMMON SCHOOL. 


The following is a list of articles in the exhibit representing 
the furniture, apparatus, text-books, and scholars’ work of a com- 
mon country or village school. 

1. Furniture. — Teachers’ desk and chair. Pupils’ desks and 
seats. Two cases of book-shelves. 

2. Apparatus. — Lovejoy’sWeather House ; two sets Black-board 
Rubbers; Slated Globe, 12 in.; three Slate-pencil Holders; three 
Crayon Holders ; three Black-board Dividers ; Jeffers’ Panoramic 
Apparatus; Spelling Stick ; set of Letter Cards; Spelling Case ; 
Mineral Case ; set New Forms for Object Teaching ; Gonigraph 
Metal; Gross Colored Crayons ; Glass Prism, 4 in.; Glass Prism, 
5 in.; Grammar School Cabinet of Minerals ; Squires’ Pen and 
Pencil Rack ; four School Rulers ; six Slate Rubbers ; Variety of 
Medals ; School Index; Mathematical Blocks dissected ; set Will- 
son & Calkin’s School and Family Charts; Map and Chart Sup- 
port ; Numeral Frame; Sanders’ Elocutionary Chart; Globe, 
Celestial ; Globe, Terrestrial ; Blackboard ; Map of United States; 
Call Bell; set Johnson’s Charts ; Tellurian; Lovell’s Clock; Ther- 
mometer; Barometer; Marcy’s Sciopticon ; Microscope; set 
Sanders’ Charts; set McCaskey’s Lancaster School Mottoes; 
Stereoscope; Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary; Lippincott’s 
Gazetteer; Bible; set of Johnson’s Drawing Models; Cabinet 
Organ (Miller’s) ; Spencerian Writing Chart ; Townsend’s Chart 
of Constitution of U. S. 

3. Text-Books. — Sample copies of some of the books used in 
the Common Schools of Pennsylvania. 

4. Scholars’ Work. — Specimens of scholars’ work in common 
schools, bound in volumes and prepared on slates. 


DISTRICT AND COUNTY EXHIBITS. 


ARMSTRONG COUNTY. 

A Chart containing the educational statistics of the county, and 
drawings of four of the school buildings. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


1 1 


BEDFORD COUNTY. 

1. From Everett Borough, photograph of the School Building. 

2. A Chart of Bedford County, showing the number of schools, 
teachers, and pupils, and the number studying the several 
branches. 

BERKS COUNTY. 

1. A County Map showing the location and character of all the 
school houses. 

2. Four volumes of Scholars’ Work from the High School of 
Hamburg, the Grammar Schools of Bernville, Kutztown, and 
Womelsdorf, the Secondary School of Kutztown, and the Un- 
graded School of Monocacy. 

3. One Portfolio of drawings from School No. 6, Maxatawny 
Township. 

4. Three Photographs of school houses. 

BLAIR COUNTY. 

1. One large drawing of school building. 

BUCKS COUNTY. 

1. A School Map, 5^ feet by 5 feet, of the county, giving 
location of school houses. 

2. A School Map, 40 inches by 42 inches, of Newtown Town- 
ship, with photographs of directors, teachers, and houses. 

3. A School Map, 34 inches by 35 inches, of Wrightstown 
Township, with photographs of school houses on margin. 

4. Five Bound Volumes of Scholars’ Work. 

5. One Bound Volume of samples of Statistical Reports of 
Teachers, Superintendent, and School Boards. 

6. Three framed Sample Certificates to schools for proficiency 
in spelling at Local Institutes. 

7. Four copies of Literature Pamphlets used at county insti- 
tutes. 

8. A framed copy of the Lord’s Prayer, executed with the pen. 

CAMBRIA COUNTY. 

1. From Johnstown, Two Volumes of Manuscripts, 109 in 
number, in Ancient History, U. S. History, Arithmetic, Geogra- 
raphy, and Grammar. 


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CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


2. Eighteen large Maps. 

3. Seven Maps, 3 inches by 10 inches, bound. 

CAMERON COUNTY. 

1. Two Books, one “From Cameron County, *’ the othei 
“From Emporium High School,” both containing maps, music, 
printing, and specimens of penmanship and drawing. 

2. Two Maps of the United States in frames, drawn with 
pencil and rule. 

8. One original drawing representing 1776 and 1876, framed. 

CENTRE COUNTY. 

1. One County Chart showing the area, population, districts, 
and schools. 


CHESTER COUNTY. 

From Coatesville : Two Volumes of Class Examination Papers. 
Volume 1 contains a set from each of the four regular classes in 
the High School and from a mixed class. Volume II. contains 
a set from the 1st and 2d Grammar Departments, and from the 
1 st Primary Department. 

CLARION COUNTY. 

1. From Foxburg Ungraded School, History, Grammar, and 
Spelling Exercises, and Photograph of School Building. 

2. From Clarion County Institute, Rimersburg, Grammar 
Exercise and Photograph of Building. 

CRAWFORD COUNTY. 

1. Teacher’s Monthly Report Card. 

2. Scholars’ Work from Cochranton Graded School, first grade, 
and from Saegertown Graded School, first grade. 

DAUPHIN COUNTY. 

1. Two framed Photographs of School Buildings. 

DELAWARE COUNTY. 

1. Five Photographs of School Buildings from Radnor town- 
ship, one from Springfield township and four from Upper Darby. 

2. Three framed Maps, one of the County, one of Radnor town- 
ship, and one of Upper Darby. 

3. A Map of the United States in blocks. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 




4. Two Portfolios of Maps, from Upper Darby township and 
South Chester borough. 

5. Seven Volumes of Manuscript Work; three from the Schools 
of Media, two from Upper Darby, one from the Grammar School 
of Leiperville, and one from the Grammar School of South 
Chester borough. 


ELK COUNTY 

One large Photograph of a School Building in Ridgway. 

INDIANA COUNTY. 

1. A picture of the Indiana Public School Building. 

2. A picture of the West Indiana Public School Building. 

JEFFERSON COUNTY. 

1. A photograph of the Graded School Building in Punxsu- 
tawney Borough. 

2. A photograph of the Graded School Building in Reynolds- 
ville Borough. 

LANCASTER COUNTY. 

1. Ten photographs of school-houses. Three from Lancaster 
City, one from Strasburg Borough, one from Mount Joy Borough, 
one from Elizabethtown Borough, one from Manheim Borough, 
one from Litiz, one from East Donegal Township, and one from 
Lancaster Township. 

2. Six drawings of school-houses : Four from Mount Joy 
Borough, and two from Strasburg Borough. 

3. A map of Lancaster County and a map of Lancaster City, 
showing the number, grade and location of the school-houses, and 
the most important educational statistics. 

4. Scholars’ Work, consisting of fifteen framed maps by the 
pupils of the Marietta High School, Girls’ High School of Lan- 
caster, and High School of Strasburg Borough ; six sets of Maps 
in portfolio by the pupils of three of the Lancaster schools, two 
of the West Hempfield Township schools, and the Strasburg 
High School; bound volumes of Manuscripts of Examinations, 
fourteen in number, by the pupils of the schools of Lancaster 
City, Strasburg, Marietta, and Mount Joy Boroughs, and Stras- 
burg, West Lampeter, East Donegal, Mount Joy, West Hempfield, 
and Rapho Townships, in the common English Branches, Lan- 


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CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


guage Lessons, Composition, Letter-writing, English Literature, 
U. S. History, Ancient History, Algebra, Geometry and Drawing. 

5. One volume of Lancaster County Institute Reports. 

LEBANON COUNTY. 

1. One volume of Examination Papers of the Female High 
School, and of the First, Second, and Third Grade Female Gram- 
mar Schools of Lebanon Borough. 

2. Two photographs of School Buildings, 12 by 14 inches, 
framed. 

LEHIGH COUNTY. 

1.. From Macungie Borough, a framed view of the Graded 
School House, 3 feet 4 inches by 3 feet 10 inches, with abridged 
history of the schools on the margin. 

2. A Book containing a complete history and full statistics of 
the schools, with specimens of the penmanship of every pupil, and 
a few maps and drawings. 

MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

From Conshohocken: 1. Five Plans of School Buildings, in 
walnut frames. 

2. One Copy of School Diploma in walnut frame. 

From Ardmore: 3. Photograph of Ardmore Public School. 

NORTHAMPTON COUNTY. 

From Mount Bethel: 1. Four Drawings of Locomotives. 

2. One Drawing of Fire Engine. 

3. One Drawing of Pump. 

4. Pen Drawing of George Washington. 

NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY. 

Two large frames exhibiting front and side elevations, and 
interior views of Northumberland borough public school buildings. 

PERRY COUNTY- 

1. A History of Perry County, 1 volume, by Silas Wright. 

1873- 

2. A Map of Perry County, showing the townships, principal 
towns, mountains, streams, and iron ore deposits. 

3. A Pamphlet containing Examination Questions, Specimens 
of Scholars’ Work in Geography, Drawing, Spelling, and Arith- 
metic ; Statistics in Manuscripts, and a Teachers’ Programme. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 1 5 

SCHUYLKILL COUNTY. 

FromTamaqua: i. 150 Specimens of Free-hand Drawing, con- 
sisting of designs, copies, and maps, by the pupils of the High, 
Grammar, and Intermediate Schools. 

2. Four bound Volumes of Manuscript Work, one from the 
High School, one from the Grammar Schools, one from the 
Intermediate, and one from the Primary. 

SOMERSET COUNTY. 

1. One bound volume of manuscripts marked, “ Somerset 
County.” 

2. One Book of Manuscripts, marked “Somerset Borough.” 

SUSQUEHANNA COUNTY. 

1. A Book containing Photograph of Great Bend Graded 
School, and Examination Papers of Higher Department of said 
school. 

2. A package of Examination Papers from Common School 
No. 11, Harford District, and a package of Maps drawn by the 
Primary Pupils of said school. 

3. A Pencil Drawing of School House No. n, Harford Dis- 
trict, and a Map of the School Grounds and vicinity. 

4. A large Photograph, in frame, of Graded School, Susque- 
hanna Depot, with teachers and children. 

UNION COUNTY. 

1. A School Map of the County. 

2. Three bound Volumes of Scholars’ Work from the public 
schools. 

3. Portfolios of Maps and Drawings. 

4. Photographs of School Houses. 

WESTMORELAND COUNTY. 

1. A framed picture of School House in E. Huntingdon Town- 
ship. 

2. Map Drawing by a pupil, Greensburg. 

3. Diagram of Sentences and Parsing by a pupil of Greens- 
burg. 


i6 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


CITY AND BOROUGH EXHIBITS. 


ALLEGHENY CITY. 

1. From the Primary Department : three Volumes of Manu- 
script : Printing, Penmanship, and Arithmetic. 

2. From intermediate Department : four Volumes, one each of 
Penmanship, Geography, Arithmetic and Map Drawing. 

3. From Grammar Department : five Volumes of Manuscript; 
one each of Penmanship, Grammar, Arithmetic, Geography, and 
United States History. 

4. From High School Department : three Volumes of Free- 
hand Drawing, and five Volumes of Manuscript, one each of 
Grammar, Physical Geography, Arithmetic, Algebra, and Natural 
Philosophy. 

5. One large Photograph of the Fourth Ward School Building, 
and a duplicate drawing of the same : one large Photograph of 
the Ninth Ward School Building, one Map of North America, 
and one Map of the United States, all framed. 

ALLENTOWN. 

1. A Chart showing the history of Education in Allentown, 
the organization of the schools, their course of study, and the gen- 
eral educational agencies of the place. 

2. A picture of the Fifth ward School House. 

3. A Case of Primary Slates with scholars’ work. 

4. Eleven volumes of Scholars’ Work, from Advanced Primary, 
Secondary, Grammar and High Schools. 

ALTOONA. 

1. A Photograph of First Ward School Building. 

3. Manuscripts in Grammar. 

CHESTER. 

1. A volume of Examination Papers in the several branches. 

2. One volume of Specimens of Writing. 

3. One volume of Drawings. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 1 7 

COLUMBIA. 

1. Four Photographs ; two of School Buildings, one of Library, 
and one of Apparatus. 

2. Three volumes of Scholars’ Work. 

CORRY. 

One Photograph of School Building ; one Pencil Sketch of 
School Building; Drawings from High, Grammar, and Primary 
Schools; twenty-five Slates of Primary School Work, and nu- 
merous volumes of Scholars’ Work from the different grades of 
the schools. 

EASTON. 

1. Framed Matter, consisting of a Diagram of the Easton 
School System, with explanatory key ; Photographs of School 
Buildings in First, Second, Third and Sixth Wards, with descrip- 
tions ; High School Diploma, and Map of North America. 

2. Forty-six Bound Volumes of Scholars’ Work, viz : ten vol- 
umes from the High School ; nine volumes from the Grammar 
Schools ; twelve volumes from the Secondary Schools ; two vol- 
umes from Grammar and Secondary Schools ; twelve volumes of 
Drawings and Copy-Books from High, Grammar and Secondary 
Schools, and one volume of Certificates, Orders,' &c. 

3. Two Cases of twenty-five Slates each — Drawing, Printing, 
Writing, Arithmetic, &c., by Primary Schools. 

ERIE. 

1. Twelve volumes ofWritten Work by Pupils, viz.: four volumes 
from the High School ; four volumes from Grammar and Inter- 
mediate Schools ; and four volumes from the Primary Schools, 
numbers one to twelve. 

2. Eight volumes of Selections by Pupils, viz.: one volume 
from Grammar Schools ; two volumes from Intermediate ; three 
volumes from Primary; and two volumes from German, numbers 
thirteen to twenty. 

3. Twelve Drawings, viz. : four Designs (Silver Salver) ; four 
Designs (Book-cover) ; and four Copies, numbers twenty-one to 
twenty-three. 

4. Three volumes of Drawings (bound), from classes of 1875 
and 1876, numbers twenty-four to twenty-six. 

5. Framed Maps of North Eastern States, Middle States, 
Europe and Asia, numbers twenty-seven to twenty-nine. 


1 8 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


6. Bound Maps, three volumes, 1874, 1875 an( i numbers 

thirty to thirty-two. 

7. Two volumes of Examination Papers, and four volumes of 
Exercises in German, French, Language, Mathematics, and Gen- 
eral Information from High School, 1875, numbers thirty-three 
to thirty-seven. 

8. Six volumes of Exercises from Grammar Schools, numbers 
two, six and seven, in 1874, 1875, and 1876, numbers thirty-eight 
to forty-three. 

9. One vdlume of Musical Exercises, and one volume Erie 
School Reports, numbers forty-four to forty-five. 

10. From Evening Drawing School ; Oil Engine, Bevel Gear, 
Salinometer, Bevel Wheels, and Church (framed); and a Portfolio 
of Drawings of second class, numbers forty-six to fifty-one. 

11. A Framed Drawing of Number Seven School Building, and 
a Portfolio of Photographs of numbers Two, Seven, Eight, Ten, 
Eleven, Twelve and Fifteen School Buildings, numbers fifty-two 
to fifty-three. 

12. From Private Drawing School ; four Crayon and Pencil 
Drawings (framed), and a Portfolio of Drawings, numbers fifty- 
four to fifty-eight. 

13. Roll of a School in 1812, and Photograph of Teacher, 
number fifty-nine. 

14. Solution of Problem 9X9, 81x81, 6561x6561, &c., to 9 
multiplications, by a youth of 15, number 6o a -6o\ 

15. A framed Pencil Drawing, number sixty-one. 

16. Forms of Register and Class-Book used in Schools, number 
sixty-two. 

HYDE PARK. 

1. Six framed Drawings by Pupils of the High School, and four 
Portfolios of Drawings from the other schools. 

2. Fourteen bound volumes of Scholars’ Work, and two vol- 
umes of Teachers’ Work. 


MEADVILLE. 

Three volumes of Scholars’ Work in various branches, by whole 
classes of several grades. 

NORRISTOWN. 

1. Four photographs of the Norristown School Buildings; 2. 
Specimens of Pencil Drawing, and a Map of the United States. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 1 9 

2. Four volumes of Scholars’ Work in High School; four vol- 
umes of Specimens of Penmanship ; and three volumes of Map 
Drawing. 

PHILADELPHIA. 

Exhibited by a committee of the Teachers’ Institute : i. 
Drawings by the students of the Central High School. 

2. Maps: Birds’ Eye View of Philadelphia ; Centennial Rail- 
way Guide Map of Philadelphia; Centennial International Ex- 
hibition Map; Smith’s New Map of Philadelphia; Hunt’s Im- 
proved Map of Philadelphia ; Map of Location of Public Build- 
ings ; Centennial Map of the United States, and Bird’s Eye View 
of the Centennial Exhibition Buildings. 

3. Busts of Washington, Lincoln, Franklin, and Webster. 

4. Drawings from the Central High School, North West Boys’ 
Grammar School, Park Avenue Boys’ Grammar School, G. G. 
Meade Boy’s Grammar School, Northern Liberties Boys’ Grammar 
School, Vaughan Boys’ Grammar School, Hancock Boys’ Gram- 
mar School, Keystone Girls’ Grammar School ; Crayon Drawing 
from Miss Schlater’s School ; School Work from the Keystone 
Girls’ Grammar School ; and Penmanship by Class G, Central 
High School, 76th Term. 

From Thirteenth School Section: i. Wyoming Girls’ Graded 
School, one Portfolio of Map Drawing and Lessons from Wilson’s 
Drawing Books ; and Examination Results in History, Mathemat- 
ics, Original Composition, Definitions and Spelling. 

2. Wyoming Boys’ Graded School: Examination Results in 
Penmanship, and one' Portfolio of Maps and Free-hand Drawing. 

3. Wyoming Girls’ Secondary Schools, Warner Boys’ Secondary 
School, and John Q. Adams Boys’ and Girls’ Secondary Schools: 
Examination Results in Spelling, Geography, Notation, Arithme- 
tic, Compound Tables, Theory of Arithmetic, and Writing. 

4. Warner Boys’ and Girls’ Primary Schools, and John Q. 
Adams Boys’ and Girls’ Primary Schools: Examination Results 
in Spelling, Writing, Tables, and Dictation Exercises. 

PITTSBURGH. 

1. Glass Model of Pittsburgh Central High School. 

2. Ten large volumes of Manuscript Work by pupils of all 
grades in the Public Schools of the city. These volumes are 26 
by 22 inches in size, and contain on an average 300 pages each. 


20 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


3. Photographs of all the principal Public School Buildings of 
the city. 

4. Framed specimens of Scholars’ Work in the several grades' 
of the schools, covering about one thousand feet of wall surface. 

5. Free-hand and Mechanical Drawings, from Day and Evening 
Schools. 

6. A Chart giving a synopsis of the course of study pursued in 
the Public Schools of the city ; and statistical information, show- 
ing the city’s growth and her progress in public education. 

POTTSVILLE. 

1. Wall Chart showing the organization of the School Board 
and the grading of the schools. 

2. Photographs of five of the School Buildings, exterior and 
interior views. 

3. Eleven volumes of Scholars’ Work, viz.: Two volumes from 
High School ; five volumes from the Grammar Schools ; three 
volumes from the Sub-Grammar Schools ; and one volume from 
the Secondary Schools. 


READING. 

1. Fifteen volumes Scholars’ Work. 

2. Six Photographic Views of School Houses. 

3. Four Astronomical Charts, made by pupils. 

4. Drawings, viz.: Marine View, Country View, Winter View, 
Bird (pen drawing), Wreath of Roses (water color on white 
silk), Head (pen drawing). 

SHENANDOAH. 

1. One framed Chart, 12^x22 inches, representing the Depart- 
ments, Grades, and Classes, and the Course of Instruction of the 
Public Schools of Shenandoah 

2. Three framed Photographs, 12x14 inches, of the Public 
School Buildings in Centre, Lloyd and White Streets. 

TITUSVILLE, 

1. One volume of Selected Drawings. 

2. Sixteen volumes of Examination Papers from the Third Year 
Primary to the Senior Class in the High School, inclusive. 

WEST CHESTER, 

One volume of specimens of Penmanship, from Primary to 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


21 


High School ; one volume Specimens of Spelling from Primary to 
First Grammar ; one volume Industrial Drawing by Primary ; one 
volume Specimens of Penmanship and Spelling by Colored; one 
Specimen of High School Diploma; one framed Picture in Col- 
ored Crayon and Pencil, from High School ; twenty framed Pic- 
tures in Free-hand Drawing from High School ; Fountain with a 
variety of Fish for same ; and one volume Annual Reports of 
West Chester Public Schools from 1866 to 1876. 

WILLIAMSPORT. 

1. Eight volumes of Examination Manuscripts, viz.: two vol- 
umes from the High School ; three volumes from the Senior 
Schools; two volumes from the Junior Schools; and one volume 
from the A Primary Schools. 

2. One volume in Printing from B Primary Pupils ; and one 
volume of Drawings from Junior School, Franklin Building. 

8. One hundred and fifty Drawings by the pupils of the High, 
Senior and Junior Schools. 


YORK, 

1. Large framed Synopsis of Public School System. 

2. Seven framed Drawings of School Buildings, from High 
School. 

3. Twenty-three framed specimens of Free-hand Drawings and 
Maps, from High, Grammar and Secondary Schools. 

4. Fourteen bound volumes of Scholars’ Work by all grades of 
pupils in the Public Schools of York. 


ACADEMIES AND SEMINARIES. 


ALLENTOWN FEMALE COLLEGE. 

1. A Picture of the College. 

2. Water Color Paintings: Cranberry, Trailing Arbutus, Rose 
and Lily. 

3. Crayon Sketches : The Modern Ruth, Child and Cat, Snow 
Scene. 


22 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


BROOKE HALL FEMALE SEMINARY, MEDIA. 

Two views of the Buildings. 

CHAMBERSBURG ACADEMY. 

Scholars’ Work. One volume of work in Latin and Greek by 
whole class ; and one volume of work in Arithmetic and English 
Grammar by whole class. 

ERCILDOUN SEMINARY. 

A view of the Buildings, one Oil Painting, and three speci- 
mens of Crayon Drawing. 

FRIENDS’ CENTRAL SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA. 

Scholars’ Work, consisting of two specimens of Map Drawing, 
two specimens of Mathematical Drawing, and three Crayon Draw- 
ings. 

HOLLIDAYSBURG FEMALE SEMINARY. 

A view of Buildings and Grounds. 

LANGTON’S ACADEMY, PHILADELPHIA. 

1. Course of Study, Schedule of Lectures for the School Year 
1875-76, Daily and Weekly Reports, Diploma of the Institution, 
and Descriptive Card for general distribution. 

2. Drawing of the Building, View of East Class Room, View 
of Gymnasium, View of Lecture Room, and Plan of Rooms. 

LEWISBURG UNIVERSITY FEMALE INSTITUTE. 

1. View of the Buildings. 

2. Two volumes of Examination Papers. 

LINDEN HALL SEMINARY, LITIZ. 

1. Large Photograph of Seminary Buildings, framed. 

2. Three Drawings, in frames — two in crayon and one in pencil. 

3. Morocco Case containing, in Manuscript, the Examination 
Questions of the Graduating Class of 1875. 

MORAVIAN SEMINARY, BETHLEHEM. 

1. Model of the present Buildings, founded 1749, re-organized 

1785- 

2. Frame (4 feet by 4 feet) containing Water Color Paintings 
by the pupils — 1790 to 1805. 

3. Framed Oil Painting, “ Terai Falls, ’’ Italy (4 feet by 4 feet). 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


23 


4. Frame containing Specimens of Needle, Tambour, Bead, 
Filagree, and other work, by pupils in the past and early part of 
the present century. 

5. Specimens of Crayon Sketches and Oil Paintings, in seven 
frames, by pupils in the last five years. 

NAZARETH HALL, NAZARETH. 

1. Historical Sketch of Nazareth Hall, from its commencement 
in 1759. Pamphlet, 27 pages. 

2. Photograph of the four principal Buildings. 

OLEY ACADEMY, BERKS COUNTY. 

A view of the Buildings. 

PARKESBURG INSTITUTE, CHESTER COUNTY. 

A view of the Buildings. 

TREEMOUNT SEMINARY. 

1. A view of the Buildings. 

2. Plan of the Buildings (three floors). 

WYOMING SEMINARY, LUZERNE' COUNTY. 

Two views of the Seminary Buildings. 


COLLEGE EXHIBITS. 


ALLEGHENY COLLEGE, CRAWFORD COUNTY. 

1. Photographs as follows : Interior views of Chapel, Museum, 
and Prescott Cabinet; Exterior views of Bentley Hall, Ruter 
Hall and Culver Hall ; a view of a group of Apparatus. 

2. A landscape view of Grounds, Buildings, and surrounding 
streets; views of sections of Bentley and Ruter Halls; Histori- 
cal sketch of Allegheny College. 

3. Catalogue for the past year, containing, among other things, 
an Historical Sketch of the college and the President’s Inaugural 
Address. Last Triennial Catalogue. 


24 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


FRANKLIN AND MARSHALL COLLEGE, LANCASTER. 

A Map of the Grounds, showing the location of the College 
Buildings, Preparatory Department, Halls of the Literary Socie- 
ties, Harbaugh Hall, Professors’ Houses, &c. 

GIRARD COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA. 

The College exhibits a Portrait of Stephen Girard, painted by 
I. R. Lambdin, and a large number of Drawings made by the 
pupils of the College (shaded in colors, India ink and crayon), 
consisting > of Perspective, Isometrical, Mechanical, and Free- 
hand Drawings, from casts, other models, and patterns; also 
some specimens of original designs of Ornamental Penmanship 
by the pupils. 

Prof. Geo. J. Becker, of the College, exhibits specimen copies 
of Becker’s System of Writing and Series of Ornamental Pen- 
manship, and a piece of Ornamental Penmanship and Pen-Draw- 
ing executed by himself. The specimens are all framed and 
glazed, and occupy nearly 500 feet of wall surface. 

HAVERFORD COLLEGE, HAVERFORD, PA. 

A Case with contents as follows : 

1-3. Fac-similes of the three oldest known manuscripts of the 
Greek Bible. 

a. The Sinaitic Codex, written about A. D. 330. Like the 
other two codices, it was written in capital letters, with no space 
between the words, and almost without punctuation. 

b. The Vatican Codex, written about A. D. 350, or perhaps as 
early as the Sinaitic. 

c. The Alexandrian Codex, written about a century after the 
Sinaitic. 

4. Photograph of the Convent on Mt. Sinai, where the Codex 
Sinaiticus ( a ) was found. 

5. Wycliffe’s English Testament, translated about A. D. 1380. 

6. The Geneva Bible, 1560. 

7. An exact fac-simile, even to the paper, of the only known 
copy of Tyndale’s New Testament, printed at Worms, A. D. 
1525, by Peter Schoeffer. Only 177 fac-similes were printed. 

8. Manuscript letters of William Penn, one of which contains 
a postscript by George Fox, signed by his initials. 

9. First Edition of Barclay’s Apology, in Latin, published at 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


2 5 


Amsterdam, A. D. 1676 Our first centennial of national inde- 
pendence is, therefore, the second centennial of the “Apology.” 

10. First English Edition of the Apology, or “ Defence of the 
True Christian Divinity,” by Robert Barclay, published A. D. 
1678. 

11. A volume of unpublished letters of the Barclay family. 

12. Photograph of John Bright, and autograph letter of John 
Bright to Richard Cobden, dated “London, Mar. 1865.” 

VIEWS, ETC. 

1. Map of the grounds of Haverford College, surveyed and 
drawn by the Class of ’78. 

2. Views and Plans of Barclay Hall, containing study-rooms 
and dormitories. 

3. Plans and Sections of Barclay Hall, showing methods of 
heating and ventilation. 

4. Lithographic view of College and lawn, printed and colored 
in Paris, about A. D. 1851. 

5. Photograph of the College Buildings from the West. 

6. “ “ Haverford Hall, south front. 

7. “ *< “ “ east entrance. 


8. 

a 

cc 

Astronomical Observatory. 

9 - 

cc 

cc 

Alumni Hall and Library. 

10. 

cc 

cc 

Interior of Library. 

11. 

cc 

c c 

Friends’ Meeting House. 

12. 

i t 

cc 

Railroad Station. 

13 - 

cc 

c c 

Foot-Bridge near the College. 


14 .Equatorial Telescope. 
15. Transit Instruments. 


MODELS. 

1. Exact model of the ancient Corinthian Temple at Nismes, 
now called the “ Maison Carrie.” 

2. Model of the Roman Amphitheater at Nismes. 

3. Model of the ancient aqueduct, now called the “ Pont du 
Gard.” 

DIAGRAMS. 

Illustrating original researches in Cosmical and Molecular Iner- 
tia, by Prof. Pliny Earle Chase, LL. D. 

A. Estimation of the mass and distance of the sun, by compar- 
ing the yearly and daily barometric influences of inertia. 


26 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


B. Comparison of solar and lunar barometric disturbances. 

C. Comparative frequency of rainfalls and auroras. 

D. Typical curves of annual rainfall in different sections of the 
United States, showing gradual systematic changes of form and 
influences of locality, in the solar as well as in the lunar curves. 

E. Curves of lunar-monthly rain-fall, deduced from forty-three 
years’ observation at Philadelphia, and three years’ morning ob- 
servations at all the stations of the Signal Service Bureau. 

F. Two sets of independent curves, representing lunar-monthly 
rain fall at Lisbon, in average periods of 5 years. One set rep- 
resents curves for January, April, May, August, September, De- 
cember, for sixteen years; the other, the total fall for three con- 
secutive periods of years. 

G. Storm-breeding regions, at normal intersections of prevail- 
ing winds, and opposites of solar rain-fall. 

H. Synchronous anti-cyclonic snow-storms and cyclonic rains. 

Z Gamuts of light and sound ; accordance between the princi- 
pal nodes of the solar spectrum and natural divisions of the dia- 
tonic scale. 

K. Combined influence of elasticity and inertia, as shown by 
light, sound and planetary orbits. 

L. Influence of principal masses in planetary pairs, on harmo- 
nic oscillations. Consequent prediction of a source of solar distur- 
bance at. 269 earth’s mean distance, which prediction was con- 
firmed by English sun-spot observations. 

M. Conversion of linear into semi-circular oscillations, as 
shown by planetary positions relatively to Saturn, which is at the 
nebular centre of planetary inertia; and general equation of pro- 
ducts of figurate powers of planetary masses. 

N. Comparison of various astronomical and mechanical esti- 
mates of solar distance. 

O. Connection of the November meteoric orbit with the intra- 
asteroidal planets, and with luminous undulations which are syn- 
chronous with the minimum limit of planetary revolution. 

P. Evidence of orbital influences connecting the solar and 
stellar systems. 

Q. New correlations of central forces which vary invisibly as 
the square of the distance. 

Mathematicians and scientists will find these researches ex- 
tremely interesting. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


2 7 


PUBLISHED WORKS OF THE FACULTY. 

1. Astronomy, by John Gummere, A. M. 

2. Surveying, by John Gummere, A. M. 

3. Chemistry, by Daniel B. Smith, Principal of Haverford 
College. 

4. Cicero on Immortality, by Thomas Chase, A. M., S. P. A. S. 

5. Hellas, her Monuments and Scenery; by Thomas Chase, 
A. M., S. P. A S. 

The following Latin classics , edited and annotated by Thomas 
Chase , viz : 

1. The H^neid of Virgil. 

2. The Works of Horace. 

3. The First Six Books of Virgil, with a Vocabulary. 

4. Livy. 

5. Juvenal, together with a satire of Persius. 

The following Latin classics , edited and annotated by George 
Stuart , A. M, viz : 

1. Csesar’s Commentaries, with a Vocabulary. 

2. Cicero’s Select Orations, with a Vocabulary. 

3. The Georgies of Virgil, with a Vocabulary. 

4 Cornelius Nepos. 

5. Sallust’s Catiline and Jugurtha. 

6. Tacitus’ Germania and Agricola. 

Scientific Works , by Henry Hartshorne , M. D., S. P. A. S. 

1. Water versus Hydropathy; Or an Essay on Water, and Its 
True Relations to Medicine. Published 1847. 

2. Prize Essay, On the Arterial Circulation : Its Physiology and 
Chief Pathological Relations. Published in Translations of 
American Medical Association, 1856. 

3. Memoranda Medica ; Or, Note-Book of Medical Principle. 
For the Use of Students. Published i860. 

4. A Monograph on Glycerin and its Uses. Published 1865. 

5. Essentials of the Principles and Practice of Medicine. A 
Hand-Book for Students and Practitioners. Published 1867, 4th 
edition, 1874. 

6. The same; Translated into Japanese and Published in Japan, 
1875. 

7. A Conspectus of the Medical Sciences : Comprising a Series 
of Manuals for Students. Published 1869 ; 2d edition, 1874. 


28 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


8. A Hand-Book of Anatomy and Physiology ; For the Use of 
Students. Published 1869 ; 2d edition, 1874. 

9. The Family Adviser and Guide to the Medicine Chest : A 
Concise Hand-Book of Domestic Medicine. Published 1869. 

Works of Pliny Earle Chase , LL.D., S. P. A. S. 

1. The Elements of Arithmetic; Parts First and Second. 

2. The Common School Arithmetic. 

3. The Grammar School Arithmetic. 

4. Arithmetic Practically Applied. 

5. Sanscrit and English Analogues. Reprinted from the Pro- 
ceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 

6. Intellectual Symbolism : A Basis for Science. Reprinted 
from the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 

LAFAYETTE COLLEGE, EASTON. 

A COMPLETE EXHIBIT OF TEXT BOOKS USED IN THE VARIOUS 
DEPARTMENTS OF INSTRUCTION. 

1. Text Books in Classical Department, Freshman, Sophomore, 
Junior and Senior Years. 

2. Text Books in General Scientific Department, Freshman, 
Sophomore, Junior and Senior Years. 

3. Text Books in Civil Engineering Department, Freshman, 
Sophomore, Junior and Senior years. 

4. Text Books in Mining Engineering and Metallurgical De- 
partment, Freshman, Sophomore. 

5. Text Books in Chemical Department, Freshman, Sopho- 
more, Junior and Senior years. 

6. Text Books in Post Graduate Department. 

7. Text Books in Law Department, Junior and Senior years. 

WORKS OF FACULTY AND ALUMNI. 

8. Published Works of the Faculty and Alumni. 

A COLLECTION OF INTERIOR VIEWS OF PARDEE HALL, DRAWN IN 
WATER COLORS. 

Chemical Laboratories . 

9. Laboratory for General Chemistry. 

10. Assistants' Room. 

ri. Laboratory for Organic Analysis. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


2 9 


12. Lecture Room. 

13. Laboratory for Quantitative Analysis. 

14. Laboratory for Qualitative Analysis. 

15. Laboratory for Original Research. 

16. Assay Laboratory. 

17. Technical Laboratory. 

18. Laboratory for Volumetric Analysis. 

19. Laboratory for Gas Analysis. 

20. Professors’ Laboratory. 

21. Balance Room. 

22. Laboratory for Blowpipe Analysis. 

23. Sulphydric Room for Quantitative Analysis. 

24. Sulphydric Room for Qualitative Analysis. 

25. Professor’s Office. 

26. Interior View of the Reading Room in Eastonian Hall — 
drawn in Water Colors. 

A SET OF TWENTY PHOTOGRAPHS SHOWING SPECIMEN CASES CON- 
TAINING MODELS AND APPARATUS. 

27. Case of Models and Apparatus in Applied Mechanics. 

28. Case of Apparatus in Hydrostatics. 

29. Case of Apparatus in Pneumatics. 

30. Case of Apparatus in Acoustics. 

31. Case of Models and Apparatus in Optics. 

32. Case of Apparatus in Electricity. 

33. Case of Models and Apparatus in Physics of Heat. 

34. Case of Models and Apparatus in Steam Engine. 

35. Case for Specimens in General Botany. 

36. Case Containing the Flora of Pennsylvania (the most com- 
plete in existence). 

37. Case for Drying Botanical Paper. 

38. Models in Bridge Construction. 

39. Surveying Instruments, comprising Compasses, Theodolites, 
Surveyors’ Transits, Plane Table, Levels, Rods, Chains, etc , etc' 

40. Instruments for Mine Surveying. 

41. Models in Exploitation. 

42. Models in Ventilation. 

43. Models in Separation of Ores. 

44. Schroeder’s Models in Descriptive Geometry. 

45. Thread Models in Descriptive Geometry. 


30 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


46. Models in Machine Drawing. 

47. Models in Wood Joining. 

48. Models in Architecture. 

49. Models in Stone Cutting. 

50. Models in Crystallography. 

51. Apparatus in Assaying and Blowpiping. 

52. Specimens of Chemical Apparatus. 

SPECIMENS OF WALL CHARTS MADE AT LAFAYETTE COLLEGE AND 
USED IN THE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF INSTRUCTION. 

53. Specimens of three hundred and ninety-five Wall Charts in 
Physics. 

54. Specimens of one hundred and ten Wall Charts in Botany. 

55. Specimems of fifty-four Wall Charts in Geology. 

56. Specimens of ninety-six Wall Charts in Zoology. 

57. Specimens of 47 Wall Charts in Astronomy. 

58. Specimens of three hundred Wall Charts in Mining Engi- 
neering. 

59. Specimens of 75 Wall Charts in Metallurgy. 

60. Specimens of two hundred and forty-five Wall Charts in 
Chemistry. 


MODELS IN TOPOGRAPHY. 

6t. A Set of Silver Models (twenty-four in number) in Topo- 
graphical Drawing. 

SPECIMEN DRAWINGS IN CIVIL AND MINING ENGINEERING DE- 
PARTMENTS. 

62. Elementary Drawings, in portfolios, by the students in 
Freshman year. 

63. Construction of Plane Problems, in portfolios, by the stu- 
dents in Freshman year. 

64. Elementary Projections, in portfolios, by the students in 
Freshman year. 

65. Geometrical Construction and Drawings from Models, in 
portfolios, by the students in Sophomore year. 

66. Problems in Cabinet Projections and Drawings from Models, 
in portfolios, by the students in Sophomore year. 

67. Elements of Pen Topography, in portfolios, by the students 
in Sophomore year. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


3 1 


68. Problems in Orthographic Projections, in portfolios, by the 
students in Sophomore year. 

69. Problems in Shades and Shadows, in portfolios, by the stu- 
dents in Junior year. 

70. Problems and Constructions from Models in Linear Per- 
spective, in portfolios, by the students in Junior year. 

71. Specimen of Maps in Pen Topography, from surveys by the 
students in Junior year. 

72. Elements of Colored Topography, in portfolios, by the stu- 
dents in Junior year. 

73. Specimen of Contour Maps, by the Students in Junior 
year. 

74. Problems and Constructions from Models in Machine 
Drawing, in portfolios, by the students in Senior year. 

75. Problems in Stone Cutting, in portfolios, by the students 
in the Senior year. 

76. Cross Sections (specimen), from Railroad Survey, by the 
students in Senior year. 

77. Notes in Railroad Survey, by the students in Senior year. 

78. Specimen of Maps in Pen Topography, from actual Rail- 
road Surveys made by the students, Senior year. (Drawn by S. 
B. Brown, of the Graduating Class.) 

79. Specimen of Maps in Colored Topography, from actual 
Railroad Surveys made by the students, Senior year. 

80. Contour Map of College Grounds, from Surveys made by 
the students. (Drawn by A. P. Berlin, of the Graduating Class.) 

81. Topographical Map of the College Grounds, from Surveys 
made by the students. (Drawn by J. T. Fuller, of the Graduat- 
ing Class.) 

82. Specimen Drawing in Bridge Construction — Wrought Iron. 
By the students in Senior year. 

83. Specimen Drawing in Bridge Construction — Cast Iron. 
By the students in Senior year. 

84. Perspective View of Lafayette College Grounds and Build- 
ings, from surveys by the students, and from plans and elevations 
of the buildings. The point of view is 1,000 feet in front, the 
altitude 500 feet, scale 1,250. Drawn by W. L. Plack, of the 
Senior Class — finished in sepia. 


3 2 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


INSECTS, PLANTS AND MINERALS FROM THE COLLECTIONS OF THE 
NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY OF LAFAYETTE COLLEGE. 

85. Insects collected in the immediate vicinity of Easton, 
Pa., by the Natural History Society of Lafayette College. 

86. Plants collected in the immediate vicinity of Easton, Pa., 
by the Natural History Society of Lafayette College. 

87. Minerals collected in the immediate vicinity of Easton, 
Pa., by the Natural History Society of Lafayette College. 

88. Journal of the Proceedings of the Chemical Society of 
Lafayette College, 1875-76. 

89. Orations of the Graduating Class, 1876. 

90. Graduating Theses in the Civil Engineering Department. 

91. Graduating Theses in the Department of Mining Engin- 
eering and Metallurgy. 

92. Bound volume of the Lafayette College Journal, 1875-6. 

93. Bound volume of “ Fowler Prize” Essays. 

94. Bound volumes of Historical Matter, comprising addresses, 
reports, catalogues, etc., etc. 

95. Working Schedules of Recitations and Lectures for the 
College Year 1875-6. Complete. 

96. A Large Chart of the Departments of Study in Lafayette 
College. 

97. Annual Catalogue of Lafayette College, 1875-6. 

98. History of Lafayette College, by Prof. W. B. Owen. 

99. Portfolio of College Blanks and Forms. 

100. List of the present Members of the College Faculty. (33 
in number.) 

1 01. Wall Maps of Palestine and Syria, by Profs. Coleman and 
Osborn. 

102. Maps of the Winds of the Globe, by the late Prof. J. H. 
Coffin. 

103. Chart showing the Path of the great Meteoric Fire Ball 
of i860. Computed by Prof. J. H. Coffin. x 

104. T-Square Protractor, invented by Prof. J. H. Coffin. 

105. Drawing of an Anemograph invented by Prof. J. H. Coffin. 

106. A Large Photograph of Lafayette College, giving a pano- 
ramic view of the buildings, grounds and surrounding scenery. 

107. An Oil Painting of College Hill and surrounding scenery. 

108. Photographs of College Buildings, Jenks Hall, (Natural 
Philosophy,) Astronomical Observatory, Philological Hall, South 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


33 


College, East College, McKeen Hall, Students’ Homes, (Blair 
Hall, Newkirk Hall, Martien Hall, Powel Hall,) Professors’ 
Houses (eleven in number) upon the College Grounds. 

109. Examination Papers in Greek, Latin, Anglo-Saxon, Eng- 
lish and other Philological studies. 

no. Report of the Proceedings at the Dedication of Pardee 
Hall, October 21, 1873. 

hi. Elevation and Floor Plans of Pardee Hall. 

1 1 2. A Large View of Pardee Hall, in water colors, 

LEBANON VALLEY COLLEGE, LEBANON COUNTY. 

1. A Chart showing a view of the College Buildings, and the 
History, Course of Study, Government and Faculty of the Institu- 
tion. 

2. Photographs of the President and Faculty. 

LEHIGH UNIVERSITY, SOUTH BETHLEHEM. 

1. Work of Students who attended the University the 
past year : Elements of Industrial Drawing — eight plates selected 
from the work of the Freshman class. 

Machine Drawing — Four pieces, finished in colors. 

Mechanical Drawing — Three Line Drawings, Plan, Elevation 
and Section of a Coal Car, one piece shaded and tinted ; 41st 
Street Bridge, Philadelphia. 

Topographical Drawing : Three finished Maps of Surveys made 
by students, four Maps of Hydrographical Surveys made by 
students, Contour Map from data furnished by students. 

Colored Topographical Drawing : Finished Map of Survey 
made by students. 

Linear Perspective : Finished Drawing of a Groined Arch. 

Specimen of finished Lettering. 

Plans of Packer Hall, the principal building. 

2. Topographical Drawing of the Buildings and Grounds 
of the University. 

3. Two Photographs of Packer Hall. 

4. Books Written by the Faculty. 

President J. M Leavitt : Two volumes of the American Church 
Review and five volumes of the International Review. 

Prof. Henry Coppee : Elements of Logic, one volume, and 
Elements of Rhetoric, one volume. 


34 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


Prof. W. H. Chandler : Five volumes of the American Chemist. 

Prof. A.J. Du Bois : Graphical Statics, etc., three volumes. 

LEWISBURG UNIVERSITY, UNION COUNTY. 

1. Two volumes University Catalogue, complete. 

2. One volume Examination Papers of the Junior and Senior 
Class. 

3. One volume Examination Papers of the Freshman and So- 
phomore classes. 

LINCOLN UNIVERSITY, CHESTER COUNTY. 

1. Photographs of Buildings as follows: President’s House, 
Cresson Hall, University Hall, Lincoln Hall, and- three of the 
Professors’ Houses. 

2. Photographs of ten native Africans, taken upon entering, and 
again after two years of study at the University. The effects of 
culture thus shown are very striking and significant. 

3. A Chart showing Schedule of Lectures and Recitations in 
the Collegiate Department. 

4. Chart showing Schedule of Lectures and Recitations in the 
Theological Department. 

5. Case containing copies of the text-books used in the Uni- 
versity. 

6. Chart giving a list of students in the Departments of Art 
and Theology of 1876. 

7. Map of the grounds ; a volume of Examination Papers ; 
and a volume of Catalogues. 

MUHLENBERG COLLEGE, ALLENTOWN. 

1. A framed Plan of the Grounds of Muhlenberg College. 

2. A Photographic View of the Eastern and Northern Sides 
of the Buildings, from a point inside of the grounds 

3. A similar picture from a point outside of the grounds. 

PENNSYLVANIA STATE COLLEGE, CENTRE COUNTY. 

1. A Map of Pennsylvania State College and grounds, showing 
location of the College Buildings, Gymnasium, President’s 
House, Linnsean Hall, Observatory, Preparatory Department, and 
Professors’ Houses. 

2. A Case of Seeds. 

3. Two Cases of Insects. 

4. One Set of Catalogues of the College. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


35 


UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA. 

1. Photograph of the University Buildings. 

2. Plans of the University Buildings. 

3. Plat of the University Grounds. 

4. Models made by Students from dimensions obtained from 
existing structures and reduced to a suitable scale. 

a. The most conspicuous of these models,, twelve feet long, is 
a fac-simile of one span of the carriage way of the “ permanent 
bridge at Market Street,” recently destroyed by fire. The meas- 
urements of all details were obtained directly from unconsumed 
parts of the wreck after its removal from the river, and the bills 
of material prepared and the parts gotten out and arranged by 
nine members of the Senior Class of ’76, on a scale of three- 
fourths of an inch to a foot. The organization for this purpose 
consisted of one student as foreman, and eight special laborers. 
They were employed on the work during the winter afternoons 
and on Saturdays, when the weather could not permit field opera- 
tions. 

b. Bow string Truss Bridge. 

c. Linville Truss, span of a bridge. 

d. French Roof Truss. 

e. Queen Post Roof Truss. 

5. A series of various kinds of scarfs and joints fitted by stu- 
dents in beams of uniform length and breadth, but having depths 
whose ratios varied as 1 : 2 : 3, the length of the scarfs bearing to 
each other the same ratios. These were broken by transverse 
strains applied at one-half, one-third and one-fourth the length of 
the beams, and the results tabulated for comparison and conclu- 
sions to be deduced by the students separately. 

6. A large and carefully tabulated wall chart (8x9 feet), giving 
a synopsis of the course in Civil Engineering. This chart ex- 
plains the relation and magnitude of this course. 

7. A few of the large collection of Patent Office Models used to 
illustrate the construction and operation of the machines used in 
various engineering works, as dredges, excavators, dumping carts 
and wagons, rolling stock of railroads, forms of wheels and divided 
axles, lock nuts, joints, rails and chains, brakes and couplings, 
pavements, hydraulic apparatus, canal propulsion, dams, etc., etc. 

8. Bureau for filing engineering drawings, papers, maps and 
periodicals. It is constructed of ash, and finished with nickel 


36 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


plated trimmings, presenting a very fine appearance. Its drawers 
contain many drawings made by the students in Architecture and 
Civil and Dynamical Engineering. 

9. A set of eight or ten pieces of hyperbolic, spiral, and bevel 
wheels, constructed by students from wood, shows the proficiency 
they have acquired in the arrangement of gearings and devices for 
changing the direction of motion. 

10. Three plaster models of arches ; one, being the eastern ap- 
proach to the South Street Bridge over the Schuylkill at Phila- 
delphia, consists of three conoidal arches ; the second is a hori- 
zontal, full centre arch, terminating in vertical cylindrical faces, 
and the third is a horizontal cylinder intersected by an oblique 
plane. The voussoirs of all were prepared from paper templets 
cut by students from their own working drawings and moulded in 
gypsum. 

11. A framed collection of drawings of Architectural, Civil and 
Mechanical Engineering subjects in inks and colors ; a condensed 
and carefully arranged chart of conventional signs compiled from 
standard authorities. 

12. A Series of Diagrams illustrating Lectures in Engineering. 

13. Topographical Surveys and Topographical Relief Maps. 

14. Collection of Wood and Glass Models Illustrating forms of 
Crystallization., 

15. A full set of Text-Books used in the University. 

1 6. A Catalogue of the University, a Catalogue of the Rogers’ 
Engineering Library, and a copy of the University Magazine. 

17. A fine selection of Specimens of Philosophical Apparatus 
from the University collection, as follows: 

Mechanics. — Endless Screw and Train of Wheel Work, Ratio 
1:500 ; Apparatus for Liquefying Gases. 

Sound. — Helmholtz’s Double Syren ; Lyman’s Apparatus for 
Wave Motion. 

Light. — Nicol Prism (50 mm ); Norremberg’s Polariscope; 
Babinet’s Photometer ; Wheatstone’s Polar Clock ; Eaton’s Direct 
Vision Spectroscope (glass prism); Quartz Lens ; Absorption Cell 
for Liquids ; Absorption Globe for Gases ; Interference Prism ; 
Bunsen’s Apparatus for Reversing Sodium Flame ; Prism for 
measuring Refractive Index of Liquids. 

Electricity. — Grove’s Battery of Ten Cells ; Apparatus of 
Electric Rotation ; De la Rive’s Apparatus for Showing Rotation 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


37 


of Electric Light in Vacuo ; App’s Inductive Coil ; Saxtons’ 
Magneto-electric Machine (1836); Electro-magnet; Ruhmkorff’s 
Lamp for Spectrum Projections ; Geissler’s Tubes and Supports ; 
Tisler & Spiller’s Ozonometer ; Wheatstone’s Rheostat ; Thom- 
son’s Low Resistance Galvanometer (R. 0.5 ohm.). 

Note. — The above exhibit is made mainly by the Towue Scientific School of 
the University. 

POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA. 

1. A case containing 154 Species of American Birds, prepared 
and mounted by Thos. S. Gillin, Class of 1877. 

2. Model of an Hydraulic Brake, George G. Fryer, Class of 
1877. 

3. Model and Drawings of a 2850-ton Ship, designed and made 
by J. Archie Taylor, of the Class of 1876. 

4. Specimen volume of the Polytechnic Bulletin, a Monthly 
Record of Scientific and Industrial Progress, published by a com- 
mittee of Undergraduates. 

5. A model of an Old-time Passenger Railroad Car. Models 
of Bridges. Models of Machinery. 

6. Specimens of Fossils from the Coal Measure’s. Other Fossils. 
Specimens of Coral, etc. 

7. Twenty-five skeletons of Quadrupeds, Birds, Fishes, Rep- 
tiles, etc., prepared and mounted. 

8. A set of Casts (10) of Fossil Animals. 

WASHINGTON AND JEFFERSON COLLEGE. 

1. Its Faculty and Course of Study, on a frame, 10 by 4 feet. 

2. On a similar frame, a Table of its Students and their Occu- 
pations, and a list of one hundred of its more eminent Alumni. 

3. A pretty complete set of the Text-books used in its instruc- 
tion. 

4. A partial set of the Books written by its Alumni. 

5. A complete file of its catalogues, annual and triennial. 

6. A complete set of pictures of all the Buildings ever used 
by it. This set of pictures is very significant, as it shows how a 
school in a log cabin grew into a college. 

7. Photographs of about fifty of its present and former pro- 
fessors. 


38 CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 

WESTMINSTER COLLEGE, LAWRENCE COUNTY. 

1. Three bound volumes of Examination Papers. 

2. One bound volume of Catalogues, complete set. 

3. A picture of original College Building. 

4. A picture of present College Building. 

5. A plat of College Campus. 

6. A Chart of Studies, showing the course of instruction in 
1856, in 1872, and in 1876. 


EXHIBITS OF NORMAL SCHOOLS. 


GIRLS’ NORMAL SCHOOL OF PHILADELPHIA. 

1. Twenty-five Crayon Drawings, copied and enlarged. 

2. Two Pastel Drawings, copied and enlarged. 

3. One Design Sheet (original). 

4. One Case containing Original Designs for Lace, Carpets, 
etc.; Specimens of Penmanship, Map Drawing, Original Compo- 
sitions, Perspective Drawing, and Mathematical Figures. ' 

5. Six Portfolios, one each of Original Designs, Specimens of 
Penmanship, Map Drawing, Original Compositions, Perspective 
Drawing, and Mathematical Figures. 

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, MILLERSVILLE. 

1. A six feet Model of the Buildings. 

2. A large descriptive Chart, giving the date of organization, 
growth and cost of the buildings, names of the Trustees and 
Faculty, course of study, and methods of professional training. 

3. Four large Drawings, showing the internal arrangements of 
the buildings, and a number of Drawings by the Students. 

4. Sixteen volumes of Exami nation Papers, embracing Rhetoric, 
Letter-writing, English Grammar, Constitution of the United 
States, Analytical Geometry and Calculus, and Mental Philoso- 
phy. 

5. Twelve volumes of Theses selected from the classes of each 
year. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


39 


6. Thirty Theses bound in pamphlet form of the classes of 1874 
and 1875. 

7. Two bound volumes of Catalogues from the beginning of the 
school in 1855 until the present time; and two volumes of “The 
Normal Monthly,” edited by the principal. 

8. Copies of Wickersham’s “ School Economy’’ and “Methods 
of Instruction Brooks’s “ Outlines of Professional Training,” 
“Mathematical Works,” fourteen volumes; Westlake’s “3000 
Practice Words,” and “ How to Write Letters ;” Lyte’s “Book- 
keeping,” and “Institute Glee Book ;” and several volumes by 
students and graduates of the school. 

9. Other Text Books used in the school, and an old work on 
Mathematics published in 1676. 

10. Text-Books used in all the Normal Schools of the State. 

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, EDINBORO. 

1. A Map of the grounds and surroundings. 

2. Photographs of Buildings as follows : Academy Hall, Assem- 
bly Hall, Principal’s Residence, Gentlemen’s Hall, Ladies’ Hall, 
Normal Hall, and a Partial View of the Front Yard. 

KEYSTONE STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, KUTZTOWN. 

1. A Picture of the Buildings, framed. 

2. Several Drawings executed by students. 

3. Catalogues from the beginning of the School. 

4. Bound volumes of Examination Papers of classes. 

5. Historical Chart. 

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, BLOOMSBURG. 

1. Plat of Grounds and location of Buildings. 

2. Historic Chart of the school from 1869 to 1876. 

3. Twelve Drawings of Buildings, Halls, and Recitation Rooms. 

4. Three Photographic views of Gymnastic Classes. 

5. Four Oil Crayon Pictures, and one volume of Drawings 
selected from class work of term. 

6. Class work of pupils of Model School and Preparatory De- 
partment, under direction of members of Senior Class, consisting 
of one bound volume of Manuscripts of Spelling and Composition ; 
one volume of Maps of North America; one volume Maps of 
Europe; one volume Plans of Model School Building; one vol- 
ume of Maps of the United States ; one volume of Maps of Africa ; 


40 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


one volume of Maps of South America ; one volume of Maps of 
Asia by A Division of Junior Class, and one by B Division. 

7. Two volumes of Written Debates, and one volume of Rules 
for the Use of Capital Letters by the Seniors. 

8. Seven volumes of Examination Manuscripts in the Common 
and Higher Branches. 

9. One Motto, in fancy needle work. 

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, WEST CHESTER.. 

1. The Original Design of the Building, and a Photograph of 
the Present Structure. 

2. A Plan of the Grounds, showing walks, drives and flower 
beds. 

3. A Printed Chart, giving the course of study, statistics, and 
general description of the school. 

4. Photographs of the Graduates of the classes of 1874 and 
^ 875 - 

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, SHIPPENSBURG. 

A View of the Buildings; Specimens of Drawings. 

STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, INDIANA. 

A View of the Buildings. 


SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 


ANDERSONBURG SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN SCHOOL. 

Industrial Work. — Girls* Work: Boy’s Suit (large), Boy’s 
Suit (small), Pair Summer Pants, three Dress Suits for Misses, 
White Skirt, Pair of Drawers, Chemise, three Aprons, Pair of 
Stockings, Fine Shirt, Calico Shirt, Pair of Pillow Slips, three 
Chair Cushions, five Tidies, Toilet Set, Air Castle on Perfume 
Sachet, Pin Cushion, Sample of Button Holes, nine Handker- 
chiefs, and five Mottoes. 

BRIDGEWATER SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN SCHOOL. 

Scholars’ Work. — Three bound volumes of Examination Pa- 
pers in the Branches taught in the School. 


PENNSYLVANIA CENTENNIAL EXHIBIT. 


41 


Industrial Work. — Girls' Work: Java Canvas Tidy (red), 
Java Canvas Tidy (blue), Bureau Set and Tidy, (four pieces), 
two Toilet Sets, (each seven pieces), two Pairs Hair Receivers, 
Air Castle, two Pairs Pulse Warmers, Shaving Case, two Pin 
Cushions, Toilet Set (five pieces), two Match Boxes, two 
Scrap Bags, Hair Pin Receiver, Needle Book, Letter Bag, 
Card Receiver, three Lamp Mats, Watch Case, Tidy, Pair of 
Slippers, Afghan, Gabrielle Dress, Kilted Skirt and Basque, 
Swiss Apron, Plaid Muslin Apron, two Percale Aprons, Boy’s 
Shirt, Boy’s Cloth Suit, four pieces Underwear, four specimens 
of Button Holes, two Mottoes, Stool Cover, and one Ottoman. 

CHESTER SPRINGS SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN SCHOOL. 

Views of School Buildings. — One picture of the School 
Buildings in Pencil (framed), by a pupil. 

Scholars’ Work. — 1. Three bound volumes of School Manu- 
script, numerous loose Drawings, and Copy-books. 

2. Framed, one Map of Eastern and Western Hemispheres, 
one Map of Pennsylvania, one Engine, and one Motto. 

Industrial Work. — Work by Girls : Flannel Dress, (plain); 
Light Poplin Dress (trimmed), Suit of Muslin Underclothing, 
samples of Button Holes on muslin, Sofa Pillow, five Tidies, two 
Toilet Sets for wash-stand, (three pieces each,) Zephyr Toilet 
Set for Bureau (three pieces), Scrap Box for Bureau, two Hair-' 
Pin Cushions, two Match Receivers, two Burnt Match Receivers, 
Pin Cushion, Watch Case, two Card Receivers, Work Box, Per- 
fume Castle, Wall Pocket, Fairy Basket, Book Marker, Bouquet 
of Wax Leaves with glass cover, Tatted Collar, and a number of 
Samples of Tatting. 

DAYTON SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN SCHOOL, ARMSTRONG 

COUNTY. 

Views of Buildings, etc. — 1. A Drawing of the School Build- 
ings. 2. A Chart giving an outline of the history of the School, 
with statistics, &c. 

Scholars’ Work. — 1. A bound volume of Examination Manu- 
scripts. 2. A book containing Specimens of Writing. 

Industrial Work. — 1. Work by Girls: Black Alpaca Dress, 
Calico Dress, three Chemises, two pairs of Drawers, Flannel 
Shirt, Muslin Shirt, Night Gown, Crocheted Scarf, Crocheted 
Tidy, Canvas Tidy, Small Sack, and three Gingham Aprons. 

4 


42 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


2. Work by Boys : Three pairs Calf Boots and four pairs Calf 
Shoes. 

HARFORD SOLDIERS' ORPHAN SCHOOL. 

Industrial Work. — Work by Girls: One Dress, Basque, and 
Overskirt, Skirt, Boy’s Shirt, Chemise, Night Dress, pair of 
Drawers, White Apron, three Print Aprons, Gent’s Collar and pair 
of Cuffs, three Pocket Handkerchiefs, pair of Lady’s Cuffs, Boy’s 
Suit, Pants and Jacket, White Zephyr Scarf, Zephyr Lamp Mat, 
Zephyr Vase Mat, Swiss Apron, pair of Zephyr Mittens ; Note 
Pocket and Letter Pocket, silk on Perforated Cardboard ; Ottoman 
— zephyr — on canvas ; Watch-holder — zephyr — on canvas; Plush 
Pin Cushion, Motto on Cardboard, six Tidies of different kinds. 

INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA. 

Girls ’ Work: One Blue Poplin Dress, one pair Worked Slip- 
pers, one Bead Toilet Cushion, and one Shirt. 

LINCOLN INSTITUTION, PHILADELPHIA. 

Views of Buildings, Grounds, etc. — A photograph of the 
Lincoln Institution Building. 

A large photograph of a Group of Lincoln Institution Boys. 

Scholars’ Work. — 1. Three volumes of School Examination 
Papers in Arithmetic, Geography, Composition, Spelling, Pen- 
manship, and Map Drawing. 2. Large Map of South America. 
3. Sample of Composition. 4. Specimen of Scroll Painting and 
Lettering. 

Industrial Work. — 1. Galvanized Wire Flower Stand. 2. 
Lettered Sash Door. 3 Sample of Preparation of Tincture of 
Iron, and Sample of Oxide of Zinc. 4. Sample of Tooth Powder. 
5. Model of a Cottage. 6. Model of a Low-down Grate and 
Mantel. 

MANSFIELD SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN SCHOOL. 

Scholars’ Work. — 1. Three bound volumes of Manuscript 
Work. 2. Six framed Pictures — two spatter work, three card-board 
work, one crayon. 

Industrial Work. — Work by Girls : Toilet set (three pieces), 
three embroidered Tidies, Crochet Tidy, Perforated Card Re- 
ceiver, Paper Receiver, Card Receiver, three Handkerchiefs, 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 43 

hemmed by hand, one hemstitched Handkerchief, Suit of Boy’s 
Clothing, pair of Socks, pair of Hose, Gingham Dress, Infant’s 
Dress, two Neck Ties, Infant’s Knitted Shirt, and one Zephyr 
Opera Hood. 

M’ALISTERVILLE SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN SCHOOL. 

Industrial Work. — Work by Girls: Case of Hair Work, 
Bead Cushion, Braided Cushion, Watch Receiver, Card Receiver, 
Hair-pin Receiver, Book Marker, Cake Doily, Handkerchief Case, 
Crocheted ; Infant’s Cap, Sack, Pair of Leggins, Pair of Pulse 
Warmers, Mittens, Zephyr Tidy and two Thread Tidies, one Pair 
Worked Slippers, two Mottoes in Frames, one Splasher for Wash 
Stand, Bureau Mat, Basin Mat, Ladies’ Companion, Towel Rack, 
two Pairs Infant’s Socks, White Bed Spread, two Zephyr Mats, 
three White and Blue Mats, thirteen Samples of Crocheting 
and Tatting, Suit of Girls’ Underclothes, Sample of Button-holes, 
Blue Delaine Dress, Pair of Pants, Cloth Coat, White Shirt. 

Work by Boys : One Pair of Shoes and one Pair of Boots 

MERCER SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN SCHOOL. 

Scholars' Work: Two volumes of Manuscript Papers, one 
volume of Maps, and fifteen Pencil Drawings, framed. 

Industrial Work. — Work by Girls : Four Tidies, two zephyr, 
one white cotton and one canvass ; Scrap Bag, two Toilet Sets 
(each three pieces), Wreath of Hair Flowers (framed), Gray 
Dress Suit (girl’s uniform), two Aprons (trimmed), one False 
Sheet and Pair of Pillow Shams, five Pieces of Underclothing, 
one False Sheet (chain stitch). 

MT. JOY SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN SCHOOL. 

Views of Buildings, etc. — i. A Painting of the Mount Joy 
Soldiers’ Orphan School on Banner, by a former Pupil ; Banner 
made by the girls of the School. 2. A Painting of the rear 
of the School, Boys on Dress Parade, by the same. 

Scholars' Work: 1. Four volumes of specimens of Free-hand 
Drawing, Chirography, Geometry, Landscapes, Island Views, 
&c., Drawings in Philosophy, Physiology, Geology, Astronomy, 
Map Drawing, Problems in Arithmetic and Algebra, Solutions in 
Mental Arithmetic, Parsing Sentences in Grammar, Diagramming, 


44 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


and specimens of work done in all the branches taught in the 
schools of this class. 2. “Forest Reverie” — an Oil Painting by 
a former Pupil. 

Industrial Work. — 1. Work by Girls : Hair Wreath made of 
the hair of employees and scholars of the school ; six Watch Fobs, 
two Tidies, two Pieces of Underwear, Centennial Apron, Ging- 
ham Apron, Samples of Crocheting, Cake Net, Eight Beaded 
Cushions, Morning Gown, very fine ; several specimens of Em- 
broidery, Dish Mats, drew Premium at State Fair ; Needle 
Cushion, Beaded Book Marks, Ornamental Hanging Basket, 
Toilet Set, Working Dress, kind used at the school; White Dress, 
as worn by the girls during vacation ; Linen Overdress, to be worn 
at home in vacation ; Black Lustre Dress, received on leaving 
school; Plaid Dress, as worn in school; Gingham Dress, as used in 
school; Dark Plaid Dress, as used in school; numerous other 
small articles, voluntary contributions by the pupils. 

2. Work by Boys : Walnut Pocket for wall ornament, cut from 
solid walnut with pen-knife, containing likeness of Prof. Kennedy, 
the Principal. 

PHILLIPSBURG SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN SCHOOL. 

Views of Buildings, etc.— A Drawing of the School Building, 
4 feet by 2 feet. 

A Portrait of Governor Hartranft by a pupil. 

Scholars’ Work. — 1. Drawings , Framed : Six specimens of 
Pencil, Crayon and Water Colors ; a Horse ; sixty specimens 
of Drawing in Crayon and Water Colors— made expressly for the 
Centennial by Dr. and Mrs. Taylor’s classes. 2. One large vol- 
ume of Written Music, one large volume of Maps, three large 
volumes of other School Work. 

Industrial Work.— i. Work by Girls : Eight dresses of differ- 
ent materials, three Garibaldi Waists, White Apron, one set Ruf- 
fled Underwear, three Chemises, chain-stitched yoke; three 
Night Dresses, chain-stitched yoke ; one pair Ruffled Chemise 
Drawers, one pair White stockings, feather stitch ; one Broad- 
cloth Jacket (boy’s), one pair Gray Cassimere Trowsers (uniform), 
one Flannel Shirt, one fine Scotch Chevoit Shirt, one pair 
Crotcheted Mittens, ten Chair Tidies, various styles and mate- 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 45 

rials; five Lamp Mats, various styles, colors and materials; two 
Toilet Sets, Infant s Shirt (braided), Infant’s Shirt ( knit), one 
pair Baby Socks, one Baby Hood, one Baby Cap, one pair Darned 
Stockings, one Darned Napkin, one Knit Jacket, three Book 
Marks, two Court-plaster Cases, one Air Castle, Stamp Case, 
Visiting Card Case, three Muslin Baskets, two Wall Pockets, two 
Mottoes in Card Board, Watch Case (blue velvet), and one Doll 
(dressed). 

2. Work by Boys: One Wall Pocket (black walnut), one Toy 
Wall Pocket (white walnut), one Knitting Box, four sets Taper 
Holders, one Lamp Shade, one pair Gray Knit Socks, one pair 
Boots, one Scarf, one pair Knit Mittens, and one pair Knit 
Gloves. 


SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN INSTITUTE. 

Views of Buildings, Grounds, etc. — i. A large Photograph 
of the Soldiers’ Orphan Institute. 2. A large Photograph of the 
Northern Home, associated with the Soldiers’ Orphan Institute. 
3. Pictures of Soldiers’ Orphans. 4. Two large Charts of the 
Northern Home, showing Officers, Organization, etc. 5. Act of 
Legislature incorporating Northern Home. 

Pictures of Founders and Patrons. — Portraits of John W. 
Claghorn, Esq., and Rev. E. W. Hutter. 

Industrial Work. — Work by Girls: 1. The United States 
Flag floating over the Hall, Pin Cushions, Wall Pockets, Afghans, 
Toilet Sets, Table Covers, Slippers, Rose Tidies, Shirts, Bridal 
Baskets, Autumn Flowers, a variety of Dresses, Pillow Cases, a 
White Wax Cross, Mottoes, Aprons, Button-holes by thirty-one 
girls, Banners, Sofa Cushions, Satchels, four Ottomans, Foot 
Rests, Flags, etc. 

2. Work by Boys: Two Tin Cups, Siw, Models of Machinery, 
Box of Cigars, Picture Frames, etc. 

Scholars’ Work. i. Drawings in Fra?nes : Bethany Mission 
Church, Map of North America, Wool Mill, Castle and Bridge, 
Castle, Boat House, Lock, Rural Scene, Snow Scene, Motto of 
Northern Home. 

2. Drawings in Portfolios , etc : Homestead Wreath of Fruit, 


46 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


and Flowers, Goats, Deer, enlarged ; Grapes and Apples Good, 
for a Beginning, Horse, Map of Pennsylvania, Sheep and Goats, 
Map of Europe, Map of Iowa, Map of Cuba, Map of Southern 
States, Map of England, Map of Germany, Map of Northern part 
of North America, Map of Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Dela- 
ware, Map of Florida, Deer, Map of Western States, Cherries, 
Map of France, Map of Great Britain, several Maps of Africa, 
Map of Maine, Maps of Eastern States, Rabbits, Maps of South 
America, Maps of Great Britain, Maps of North America, Maps 
of Mexico, Maps of France, Spain and Portugal; Bird and Bough, 
Map of Holland and Belgium, Map of Texas, Map of Newfound- 
land, Map of Western States, Cottage, Map of Middle States, 
Map of the United States, Map of France and Spain, Map of the 
Territories, Flag of Liberia, Flag of Peru, Squirrel, Cat and Kit- 
ten, French Standard, Map of Ireland, Map of Austria, M.ip of 
Hawaian Islands, Map of British America, Map of Pennsylvania 
and New York, Map of Ireland, Flag of Siam, Charlie Ross, Rip 
Van Winkle, and a great number of specimens of sketching, and 
some paintings in Oil and Water Colors. 

3. Examination Papers in Bound Volumes : Six volumes of Ex- 
amination Papers by the Girls, including Papers on History and 
Constitution of the United States, Physiology, Botany, etc., 
Seven volumes of Examination Papers by the boys, including all 
the grades from the Primary upwards, and in Algebra, Physiology, 
Philosophy, Book-keeping, History of the United States, etc., as 
well as in all the Common School Branches. Also two volumes 
of Map Drawing in connection with the girls. 

UNIONTOWN SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN SCHOOL. 

Views of Buildings, i. A Photograph of the School Build- 
ings, from a Drawing. 2. A Drawing of the Uniontown Soldiers’ 
Orphan School, by a Pupil. 

Scholars’ Work. i. Specimens of Writing and Spelling from 
fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh grades. 2. Drawings : County 
Map of Pennsylvania, Map of the United States, Centennial 
Chart (original), Map of the World, Map of the Solar System, 
two Wreaths, Jumonville’s Grave (from nature), Indian Chief, 
Braddock’s Grave (from nature), and Wind-mill. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


47 


Industrial Work. i. Wearing Apparel : Blue Delaine Dress, 
Pink Calico Dress, three Sets Girls’ Under-garments, and a Pair 
of Girls’ Fine Shoes (by a boy). 2. Fancy Work : Boy’s Scarf, 
Toilet' Set, two Handkerchief Cases, Moss Cushion, Pair of Mit- 
tens, and a Diamond Tidy. 

WHITE HALL SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN SCHOOL. 

Scholars’ Work. Five volumes of Manuscript of Examinations, 
one Primary Drawing Book, one Pupil’s Map and Drawing Book, 
and twenty framed Crayon Drawings. 

Industrial Work. Seven Animals worked on cloth, Dog, 
Horse, Elephant, two Pigs, two Mice, four Chair Cushions, ten 
Tidies, two Cigar B.eceivers, two Hair Receivers, two Hanging 
Baskets, one Suit Children’s Under-clothes, two Small Dresses, one 
Hood, one Pair Slippers, one Rug, seven Watch Cases (bead 
worked), four Mottoes (silk worked), and one frame of Hair 
Flowers. 


SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN HOMES. 


CHILDREN’S HOME, LANCASTER. 

A Photograph of the School in a frame, made by Harry Houate, 
aged thirteen years. 

CHURCH HOME FOR GIRLS, PHILADELPHIA. 

1. A bound volume containing Specimens of Writing, Arith- 
metic, Geography, Spelling, Dictation and History. 

2. A number of garments, such as dresses, aprons and under- 
wear, showing the sewing of the pupils both on the machine and 
by hand ; and the washing and ironing done by one of the girls. 

In addition to a good English education, the inmates are taught 
washing and ironing, cooking, baking bread, chamber work, and 
home work of all kinds. 

EDUCATIONAL HOME, PHILADELPHIA. 

1. A large Photograph of the Educational Home. 

2. Two volumes School Examination Papers in the following 


48 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


branches: Arithmetic, Geography, Composition, Spelling, Pen- 
manship and Map Drawing. 

LOYSVILLE ORPHAN HOME, PERRY COUNTY. 

1. Girls’ Work : Boys’ Suit, Sofa Tidy, Fine White Shirt, 
Fine Calico Shirt, two Girls’ Dresses, White Tidy, Toilet Set, 
Match Receiver, six Pieces different kinds of Edging, Sofa Cush- 
ion Cover, Doll Suit, Doll Quilt, two Braided Yokes, seven Mot- 
toes, three Rugs, and seVeral specimens of Hemming. 

2. Boys’ Work: Fife, Gauge, Pair of Slippers, Spring Rat 
Trap, and numerous Toys. 

ST. PAUL’S ORPHANS’ HOME, BUTLER. 

A large Picture of the Home Buildings and Grounds. 

ST. VINCENT ORPHAN ASYLUM, TACONY. 

1. Educational: Five Books of Examination Papers. 

2. Industrial: Copy Print of the School, large Bed Spread, 
three Cotton Tidies, Toilet Cushion, Pair Cotton Hose, Shirt, 
six Handkerchiefs, two Aprons, Skirt, Under-garments, and 
Wreath of Hair. 


SUNDAY-SCHOOLS. 


This exhibit was organized and arranged by M. J. Mitcheson, 
Esq., of Philadelphia. 

Sunday-school Statistics of Pennsylvania. — i. General Sta- 
tistics. 2. Statistics of Protestant Episcopal Church. 3. Sta- 
tistics of the Lutheran Church, 4. Statistics of the Presbyterian 
Church. 5. Statistics of the Baptist Church. 6. Statistics of 
the Friends’ First-Day Schools. 

Sunday-school Requisites. — Catechisms, Question Books, 
Lesson Books, Teachers’ Helps, Selections from Libraries, Chil- 
dren’s Weekly and Monthly Newspapers, Tracts and other Liter- 
ature pertaining to the Sunday-school work. The Protestant 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 49 

Episcopal, Presbyterian, Lutheran and Baptist Churches are repre- 
sented in this exhibit, as are the Friends, both Orthodox and 
Hicksite, and the Jewish Synagogues. 

The American Sunday-school Union makes a large and interest- 
ing representative contribution from its publications. 

FURNITURE. 

A Semicircular Bench , with comfortable back, and a book box, 
of which the left end seat forms the lid, was kindly loaned by the 
Holy Trinity Memorial Schools. It is deemed the most compact, 
convenient and desirable form of arranging scholars. 

A Windsor Chair , with one shelving arm, as a book-rest for 
the teacher. It may, but need not, contain a drawer beneath 
the seat. 

A Library Book Case. The pigeon hole system is perhaps the 
latest idea. Separately numbered racks, or “ pigeon-holes,” re- 
ceive correspondingly numbered books : — so that it can be seen 
at a glance whether a book of a desired number is in the Library 
or not. This case is erected at a convenient elevation for reach- 
ing all of the books, and with a broad shelf jutting out from be- 
low it, which the Librarian can use without stooping. 

A Reversible Blackboard. 

A Plain Blackboard on an Easel. 

Taylor 1 s Bulletin Board and Blocks. 

Ray s Library System. Numbered checks or tags, of bent slips 
of tin, are put into all the books in the library in proper order. 
When the book is taken out for a scholar, the check is transferred 
to a portfolio or case prepared with a suitable receptacle for it on 
a card, opposite the scholar’s name. When the book is returned 
to the Librarian, he restores the check to its place in the upper 
end of it, and the check of the new book taken out by the scholar 
is slipped into the portfolio or case as before. Where the school 
is large, a case with rows of prepared cards, bearing the name 
and number of each scholar, is more convenient than the port- 
folio. 

Ray's Class and Library Cards afford a simple and concise 
method of recording each scholar’s attendance, deportment, les- 
son and library book. 

Ray's Transcript is designed to exhibit a condensed record of 
the work of the whole school compiled from the “ Class and Li- 
brary Card” of each class. 


5 ° 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


This system, designed and patented by Mr. William T. Ray, an 
experienced Sunday-school teacher and superintendent, is now 
used, it is estimated, in from two thousand five hundred to three 
thousand schools in this country. Almost every denomination 
represented, however, has furnished class and school records 
of its own. 

MAPS. 

Osborne' s Map of Jerusalem. 

Travels of St. Paul. 

Lands of the Bible, Journeys of the Israelites , and Jerusalem. 

Palestine , prepared for American Sunday-school Union. 

Pennsylvania , showing the several periods when the Sunday- 
school work of the State was organized in its respective counties : 
with the population of each county. 

Ancient Latin Map of the Holy Land and Adjacent Countries. 

The Holy Land ; prepared from recognized modern authorities. 

A Landscape Map of Egypt, Sinaitic Peninsula and Palestine. 

Adams' Illustrated Map of History ; embracing Biblical, An- 
cient, Mediaeval, and Modern History, from 4004 B. C. to A. D. 
1876. 

CHARTS, DIAGRAMS AND DECORATIONS. 

Review Chart of International Sunday-school Lessons for second 
and third quarters of 1876. 

Chai'ts of the Lord' s Prayer and Ten Commandments , on paper. 

The same , stenciled on muslin. 

Historical Tree of the Church. 

Large Engraving, “ Christ blessing little Children." 

Architect' s Crayon Drawing of Holy Trinity Memorial Sunday- 
schools and Chapel. 

Bolton's Chart of Church Services for the Year. 

Series of Sacred History Diagrams upon muslin ; richly printed. 

Illuminated Texts of Scripture, 11 Words of Comfort," “ Words 
of Life," etc. 

Illummated Texts, Reward Cards, etc. 

Set of richly printed Chromos, Crosses, etc. 

Photographs of the American Sunday-school Union, and of the 
Church of the Holy Apostles. 

Simday-school Cards used in Prostestant Episcopal Church of 
Holy Apostles, George C. Thomas, Esq., Superintendent, viz. : 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 5 1 

Certificate of Membership and punctual attendance ; of Merit ; 
and of being on the Roll of Honor ; Reward Cards for Catechism ; 
Scripture and Lessons ; Class Card ; General Attendance Re- 
cord ; Order of Services ; Invitation to Services ; Order of 
Exercises ; Library Ticket ; Library Books Wanted. 

Cards used in Friends ’ Schools. ~ 

ILLUSTRATIVE INSTRUCTION. 

Illuminated Lessons for the Blackboard. 

Illustrations of the Harmony of the Scriptures ; stenciled upon 
muslin, entitled, “ Ihe Two Commandments f and “ The Two 
Temptations.” I. Illustrating the verbal harmony of the Gospels. 
II. Illustrating the general harmony of Scripture facts. 

Analysis of the Gospel of St. John : being a condensed review 
of the International Series for the third quarter of 1875, showing 
respectively “ What Jesus Is” and “ What Jesus Does,” the 
twelve links of two endless chains affording the figures. 

The Beatitudes , in the form of an Arch ; illustrating ‘Christian 
character supported by God’s promises, both resting upon one 
foundation — Christ Jesus. 

Large Model of the facade of a Temple (in thirteen pieces) ; 
being a practical mode of exhibiting the figure used by St. Paul, 
to illustrate the building up of the believer as the “temple of 
God.” 1 Cor. iii. 16. A fine specimen of object teaching, Rev. John 
Bolton, D. D. This model and the next above described 
are designed to be built up, block by block, and column by column, 
in presence of the school ; accompanied by the appropriate texts 
for each. 

PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTION FOR THE INSTRUC- 
TION OF THE BLIND. 

1. The Manufacturing Department of the Institution is repre- 
sented in the exhibit of the following articles made by the Blind 
Males: Hair Matress, two Pew Cushions, three Chair Cushions, 
nine yards Rag Carpet, Rocking Chair, Back and Seat Caned, 
seven Mats, twenty-four Cloth Brushes, twenty-eight Hat Brushes, 
twenty-nine Hair Brushes, eight Shoe Brushes, thirty Scrub 
Brushes, nine Corn Brooms, nine Whisks. 

2. The Handiwork of the Females consists of Dress, handmade; 
four Undergarments by hand and machine ; three Afghans, 


5 2 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


Zephyr; three Infants’ Skirts, three Hoods, three Sacques, three 
Pairs Socks, Pair Stockings, Shawl, two Tidies, cotton ; knit Bed 
Spread, cotton ; Cluster Bead Flowers, Tea Set, Furniture Set, 
two Bells, two Flags, two Baskets, three Hanging Baskets. 

3. Of apparatus pertaining to Instruction we exhibit: Two 
styles Writing Board and Specimens of Writing, two sizes Pin- 
type Box and Specimens of Printing, three styles Arithmetic 
Slates with and without boxes, Record Slate used by Blind 
Teachers, three volumes Dictionary English Language raised 
print, Dissected Map of Europe, Map of Pennsylvania, Prescott’s 
Writing Board, Braille Slate made by Wm. McMillan (blind), 
Arithmetic Slate made by Wm. McMillan (blind), N. Y. Print 
Slate, two kinds of Printing Apparatus (experimental), Piano 
Action Model made by C. Winkler (blind), Piano Action Model 
made by C. J. Faulke (blind), Photograph of Experimental Print- 
ing Machine, Photograph of Pennsylvania Institution for the 
Blind. 


PUBLICATIONS, ETC., FOR THE BLIND. 


N. B. Kneass, Jr., entirely blind, makes the following exhibit : 
School Books: Primer, Second Class Reader, Speller, Pro- 
nouncer and Definer, Grammar, two volumes Arithmetic, Tables, 
Moneys, Weights and Measures. • 

Miscellaneous : Kneass’ Philadelphia Magazine, nine volumes, 
1867 to 1875 inclusive; Poetry of England, Poetry of America, 
Selections from Standard Authors, Merchant of Venice, First 
Play of Shakespeare, published for the Blind ; Cricket on the 
Hearth, Dickens ; Enoch Arden, Tennyson; Dora, Tennyson; 
Prisoner of Chillon, Byron ; Triumph of Love, Aguillar ; Decla- 
ration of Independence and Description of the Hall of Independ- 
ence, by De Kalb Tarr ; On the Morning of Christ’s Nativity, 
Milton ; Ode to the Blind, Otis Patten ; Important Events of 1861. 

Church Books : Catechism of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 
Catechism of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Catechism of the 
Roman Catholic Church, Prayer Book of the Roman Catholic 
Church. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


53 

Memoirs: Memorial of Dr. S. G. Howe, Memorial of Franklin 
Peale. 

Miscellaneous Tracts, Alphabet Sheets, Multiplication Tables, 
etc., Music in Staff Notation, Beethoven’s Sonnatine in G, first 
piece of Piano Music in Staff Notation for the Blind published 
in the U. S., Music in Literary Notation. 

System: Original explanation of the System; The Blacksmith, 
by Jungmann ; Fairy Dream Waltz, by Giese. 

Sundry Games for use of the Blind : Chess, Checkers, Mill, 
Morris, Fox and Geese, Cat and Mice (original), Solitaire, etc. 


PENNSYLVANIA INSTITUTION FOR FEEBLE- 
MINDED CHILDREN. 


r. Nail Boards, Form Boards, Letter Boards, used to awaken 
attention, discipline the hand, and lead to reading. 

2. Color Cups for teaching Color. 

3. Wands, Dumb Bells, Clubs, used in Calisthenium. 

4. Sewing Cards, Linear Drawing, Map Drawing, Illustrated 
Mottoes, Paper Plaiting, School Room Work. 

5. Shoes, Brooms, Cane Seating, products of Workshops. 

6. Books of Letters, Writing, etc. 

7. Dumb Bell Charts, being an alphabet of signs, designating 
bodily movements, arranged to music, the invention of a feeble- 
minded mute. 


NATIONAL SCHOOL OF ELOCUTION AND 
ORATORY. 


LOCATED AT PHILADELPHIA. 

1. A Chart, presenting Outlines of Principles and Order of 
Topics in the Course of Instruction. 

2. Accompanying Charts, giving Methods and Exercises. 


54 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


3. Historical Chart, giving condensed sketch of the Institu- 
tion. 

4. Diploma of the Institution. 

5. Publications of the School, including numbers one, two, 
three and four of the Educational Annual; Best Things from Best 
Authors, Oration of Henry Ward Beecher on Oratory, delivered 
at the Third Annual Commencement of the School ; Catalogues, 
etc. 


SCHOOL OF DESIGN FOR WOMEN. 


LOCATED AT PHILADELPHIA. MISS E. CROASDALE, PRINCIPAL. 


DEPARTMENTS. 

The School is organized into four distinct classes, viz.: Prepar- 
atory Course, Class A ; Ornament, with its subdivisions, Class B; 
Landscape, with its subdivisions, Class C ; Human Figure, with 
its subdivisions, Class D. 

Class A. — First Division, requires the study of practical geome- 
try for the use of instruments and surface measurements, object 
drawing, free-hand ; line sketching, memory drawing, use of the 
brush in one color, drawing from plants in outline, flowers and 
fruit from the cast. Second Division. — Line shading from copies, 
perspective, ornament drawn and shaded from the cast, and paint- 
ing in water colors and in oil from nature. 

Class B. — First Division. Study and practice of the principles 
of ornamentation as applied to art manufactures, resulting in 
original designs suitable for some line of industry. Second Divi- 
sion. Drawing on wood, drawing on stone, and wood engraving. 
Third Division. China decorating. Fourth Division. Architecture. 

Class C. — Perspective, individual trees, plants, etc., secondary 
grouping, color as applied to landscape, and sketching from 
nature. 

Class D. — Figure subjects, perspective drawing from the an- 
tique, draperies in oil, composition, contrast and harmony. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


55 


The exhibits of the several classes are as follows : 

Drawings from Class A, First Division. — Free-hand outline 
from a copy, two free-hand outlines enlarged from copy, outline 
from a copy, two outlines of Roman vases, outline of wrought 
iron gates, outline from frieze ornament, pen and ink drawing, 
three outlines from nature, two geometrical drawings, three pencil 
drawings, ten India ink drawings, skeleton cube in light and 
shade, triangle in light and shade, square pyramid in light and 
shade, melon from the cast, gourd from the cast, leaf from the 
cast, plums from the cast, geranium leaf from the cast, bunch of 
grapes from the cast, group of solids shaded with the stump, 
group enlarged and shaded in crayon, five 'groups of objects, or 
still life in light and shade; three shaded drawings from nature in 
India-ink. 

Drawings from Class A, Second Division.— Six ornaments in 
line shading from copies, group of horses’ heads in crayon, four 
single heads, crayon study, six perspective problems, ornament 
shaded in crayon from the cast, capital shaded in crayon from 
the cast, rosette, fragment 'of scroll from the cast, architrave 
from the cast, panel from the cast, seven water colors from copy, 
twelve water colors from nature, shells with background in water 
colors, single shell with background, studies of shells without 
background, butterflies from nature, two plants from nature, cac- 
tus from nature, shell with background, group still life, flowers in 
oil from a copy, autumn leaves in oil from nature, flowers in oil, 
branch of apple-blossoms in oil from nature, fruit or still life in 
oil from nature, four groups of objects or still life in oil, Japan lily 
in oil from nature painted on wood, three diagrams showing the 
science of color. 

Drawings from Class B. — Industrial : Design where plant form 
has been used, design for oil cloth, practical ; three designs for wall 
paper, design for stained glass, two original forms for china, one 
original form for silver, design for earthen mug and tankard, de- 
sign for gas fixtures, practical; five designs for oil cloth, two designs 
for fresco border, design for prints, design for chandelier, bronze 
paneling enlarged, coat of arms, design for ingrain carpet, design 
for chintzes, picture drawn and colored from a carpet, badge Loyal 
Legion enlarged, wall paper borders, design in felt goods, paint- 
ing on silk, two slate decorations, illumination original. 


56 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


Drawings from Class B, Second Division — Industrial : Nine 
drawings on wood in case, five drawings on stone, lithography 
in case, eight wood engravings in frames. 

Drawings from Class B, Third Division. — Seven specimens of 
China decorating in case. 

Drawings from Class B, Fourth Division. — Architecture : Cot- 
tage, side elevation of a church, stone church, example of Grecian 
order, front elevation of cottage, front and side elevation of cot- 
tage, capital shaded in India-ink (two), dwelling drawn in per- 
spective. 

Drawings from Class C. — Landscape : Pencil shading from a 
copy, pencil shading from oil study, three landscapes in water 
colors, landscape in oil from a copy, two landscapes in oil from 
nature. 

Drawings from Class D. — Figure: Arm from a copy, Julia 
Spear; stumped drawing, Minnie Cheney; stumped drawing, 
Hattie Crandon ; study of boy in line shading, • Rebecca N. 
Trump ; peasant boy, Florence Aldrich ; study of feet from 
the cast (two), Jennie Middleton ; anatomical arm, Mary 
W. Abbott; anatomical study Torso (two), Maggie Lindsay; 
antique crayon study, Rose Mitchell ; portrait of a child in 
crayon, Mary Donaldson; portrait of Prof. James Hart, Mary 
W. Brower ; portrait of James L. Claghorn, Etta M.~ Swain ; por- 
trait of a child, Rebecca W. Trump ; portrait of Mrs. E. E. 
Hutter, Etta M. Swain ; portrait of a child in oil, Beulah Ken- 
nard; portrait of General Grant, Rebecca N. Trump; portrait of 
Washington, E. Croasdale; portrait of Dr. J. P. Wickersham, 
Etta M. Swain ; study in oil from life, Phebe Natt ; drapery in oil, 
Rebecca N. Trump ; study in monochrome from the antique, 
Sara C. Collins ; enlarged study in crayon, Julia Richards ; por- 
trait of Lucretia Mott, Alice Darlington ; portrait of Mr. Hall, 
Florence Aldrich ; composition in oil, Rebecca N. Trump. 

Drawings in Folios — Twenty-two Sets i. First Lessons in 

Pencil Drawing from copies. 2. First Lessons in Charcoal Sketch- 
ing from the object. 3. Elementary Studies in Light and Shade, 
from single geometrical forms. 4. Studies in Light and Shade, 
from single vases. 5. Objects Grouped and shaded with Stump. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


57 


6 Geometrical or Instrumental Drawing. 7. Elementary Per- 
spective. 8. Elementary Shading with a Brush in India-ink. 9. 
Flowers and Fruit from the cast, shaded with the stump. 10. 
Memory Drawing. 11. Outlines from Nature. 12. Original Or- 
nament in outline. 13. Original forms of vases, glassware, etc., 
in outline. 14. Elementary Coloring as Applied to Design. 15. 
Practical Designs for Calicoes; the same in different colors. 16. 
Practical Designs for Wall Paper, Oil Cloths, etc. 17. Elemen- 
tary Foliage. 18. Elementary Figure in Outline. 19. Elemen- 
tary Figure, shaded from copies. 20. Fragments of Figure from 
the cast, in crayon. 21. Fragments of Figure from the cast, in 
oil. 22. Studies of Figure in Color, from copies and from life. 


PEIRCE’S BUSINESS COLLEGE. 


LOCATED AT PHILADELPHIA. 

1. Penmanship. ( A ) Seven sets of resolutions engrossed by 
order of the Philadelphia Board of Public Education at different 
times during the last five years, and borrowed from the owners for 
the purpose of showing the high order of talent possessed by the 
Penman of the College. (£) The improvement in writing of 
fourteen hundred (1400) pupils of the College, showing the suc- 
cess of the penman as a teacher. (C) A “Reward of Merit,” 
engrossed by the penman, the like of which is given once a 
month to the pupil who makes the most improvement in writing 
in the month. (A>) A large piece of “ Specimens of Spencerian 
Penmanship,” and a set of resolutions complimentary of the 
Principal, engrossed by the Penman, and a “Deceiving Picture” 
made with pen, brush and pencil, by the Professor of Drawing, 
each illustrating the power and ability of the executor. (£) A 
Piece of Ornamental Penmanship, so marked, with a bouquet in 
centre, drawn with the pen, which, with the drawings in the work 
done for the Board of Education, show the penman’s skill in 
Pen-drawing. 

2. Book-keeping. (A) A case of “ Samples of Merchandise,” 
used by the pupils of the College in the transaction of business 

5 


58 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


among themselves in the Actual Business Department, thus furnish 
ing each pupil with an original and independent set of transac- 
tions for his books. (B) Samples of College Currency used in 
the payment of bills, together with copies of the various business 
papers used by the students. 

3. Course of Instruction. (A) A small piece of lettering 
naming the subjects taught. (B) A diploma setting forth the 
subjects examined upon preparatory to graduation. 

4. Objects of Institution and Classes who Patronize it. 
A large piece of Penmanship, setting forth' the same in detail. 


AMERICAN LITERARY UNION. 


1. Collection of all the known Mosses of North America, 
mounted, arranged, and named, by Dr. Thomas P. James, of 
Boston. 

2. Miscellaneous Collection of Autographs of Distinguished 
Americans. 

3. Samples of School Furniture of the present day, including 
the Charter Oak desks, manufactured by the Excelsior School 
Furniture Manufacturing Company. 

4. Writing Table of Mosaic work, composed of a collection of 
all the known American Woods, manufactured thirty years ago in 
Philadelphia, now the property of Mr. George Sturgis, of Phila- 
delphia. 

5. Collection of Ancient School Furniture and old School 
Books. 

6. Photographs of the First Presiding Officers of the American 
Literary Union. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


59 


BOOK PUBLISHERS’ EXHIBIT. 


J. H. Butler & Co. i. Mitchell’s New Outline Maps, Large 
Series, Colored Politically. 

2. Mitchell’s New Outline Maps, Large Series, Colored Physi- 
cally and Politically. 

3. Mitchell’s New Outline Mips, Small Series, Colored Politi- 
cally. 

4. Mitchell’s New Outline Maps, Small Series, Colored Physi- 
cally and Politically. 

5. Mitchell’s New Series of Geographies, Regular Edition, and 
Special Pennsylvania Edition. 

6. Goodrich’s Series of Pictorial Histories, New American 
Series of Readers, New American Series of Spellers, Oxford’s 
Speakers, Sargent’s Etymology, Bingham’s Latin Series, Scholars’ 
Companion, Smith’s English Grammar, Butler’s Pictorial History 
of the United States, etc. 


Claxton, # Remsen & Haffelfinger. 1. An Essay Contribut- 
ing to a Philosophy of Literature, Cicero de Officiis, de Senectute, 
de Amicitiae, Columbian Orator, and Choice Readings — Mrs. 
Diehl. 

2. Brooks’ Classics, nine volumes; Burleigh’s New Series of 
School Readers, four numbers ; Crooks & Schem’s New Latin- 
English Dictionary, Kremer’s Easy Lessons in Natural Science, 
Ruschenberger’s First Books of Natural History, eight books in 
two volumes ; Lincoln’s Botany for Beginners, Walker’s Elements 
of Grammar, and “Book-keeping for the Million,” White’s Ele- 
ments of Theoretical and Descriptive Astronomy, and Thomson’s 
Seasons. 

3. Girard’s French Series, five volumes; Liddell & Scott’s 
Abridged Greek-English Lexicon, Smith’s Key to the Iliad of 
Homer, Coppee’s English Literature Considered as the Interpre- 
ter of English History, Labberton’s Historical Series, three vol- 
umes ; Labberton’s Historical Chart, and The New York Series 
of Readers, etc., seven books. 


6o 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


Cowperthwait & Co. i. Warren’s New Series of Geogra- 
phies, four books ; The Geographical Question Book, Apgar’s 
New Geographical Drawing Book, and Map Drawing Paper. 

2. Hagar’s Mathematics, nine books ; Colburn’s Arithmetics, 
four books; and Eddy’s Analytical Geometry, Plane. 

3. Monroe’s Readers and Spellers, eight books ; Greene’s 
Grammars, New Series, three books; Goodrich’s Child’s History 
of the United States, Berard’s School History of the United 
States, Monroe’s Physical and Vocal Training, Royse’s Manual 
of American Literature, Berard’s Manual of Spanish Art and 
Literature, Angell’s Manual of French Literature, Cowdery’s 
Elementary Moral Lessons, Knisely’s Arithmetical Questions, 
and Leach’s Complete Speller. 

4. Specimen Maps from Warren’s Series,and a “ Diploma of 
Merit ” from Vienna Exposition, 1873. 


Eldredge & Co. 1. Bregy’s French Series, 2 books; Chase 
& Stuart’s Classics, 16 volumes; Hart’s English Series, 34 vol- 
umes; Currier’s Tables of Latin Suffixes; Lagarde’s French Verb 
Book ; Smith’s Guide to French Conversation ; and Lawrence’s 
Model Speaker. 

2. Singer’s Arithmetics, 7 volumes; Crittenden’s Commercial 
Arithmetic, and Key to same ; Groesbeck’s Book-keeping, College 
and SchoolJEdition, and Book-keeping Blanks ; Wilson’s Elemen- 
tary Algebra and Key to same. 

3. Westlake’s 3000 Practice Words, Webb’s Definer, Etymology 
and Historical Companion, 2 parts; Fetter’s Philadelphia Speller; 
Mitchell’s Manual of Elocution, Selections for Little Folks, Hous- 
ton’s Physical Geography, Longstreth’s Young Student’s Com- 
panion, Gregory’s Christian Ethics, Martindale’s Physiology, 
Natural Philosophy and U. S. History, and the Model School 
Diary, Monthly Report, Pocket Register and Grade Book and 
School Pen. 


A. H. English & Co. Osgood’s American Series of Readers 
and Spellers, viz.: Primer, Primary Speller, Advanced Speller? 
and First, Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Readers. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


6l 

J. B. Lippincott & Co. i. Chambers’s Encyclopedia, io vol- 
umes; Allibone’s Dictionary of Authors, 3 volumes; Lippincott’s 
Biographical Dictionary, 1 volume, and Gazetteer, 1 volume; Cut- 
ter s Anatomical Charts, 9 in number; Cutter’s Series on Anat- 
omy, Physiology and Hygiene, 5 books; and one by Mrs. Cutter ; 
Webster s Dictionaries, 6 books; Sanford’s Series of Arithmetics, 
4 books ; Chauvenet’s Higher Mathematics, 4 books ; Playfair’s 
Euclid ; Johnson’s Geometry, Hallowell’s Geometrical Analysis, 
Bledsoe’s Philosophy of Mathematics, Smith’s Arithmetics, 2 
books, and National Accountant ; Emerson’s Arithmetics, 3 books; 
and Wright’s Book-keeping. 

2. Wickersham’s “ School Economy” and “Methods of In- 
struction;” Walker’s Science of Wealth, Sampson’s Art Criticism, 
Atwater’s Logic, Butler’s Analogy, Blair’s Rhetoric, Ross’ Speaker 
and Western Orator. 

3. Morton & Leed’s Chemistry, Rand’s Chemistry, Phelps’ 
Natural Philosophy, 2 books; Phelps’ Chemistry, 2 books; Phelps’ 
Botany. 

4. Schmitz’ German Grammar, Leusden’s Greek and Latin 
Testament, Gardner’s Latin Lexicon, Leverett’s Latin Lexicon, 
Pickering’s Greek Lexicon, Grover’s Greek Lexicon, Virgil Del- 
phini, Horace Delphini, Hahn’s Hebrew Bible, Haldeman’s Latin 
Pronunciation, Lempriere’s Classical Dictionary, Newman & 
Baretti’s Spanish Dictionary, Gase’s French Dictionary, and Le 
Grammaire en Achin. 

6. Sypher’s Pennsylvania, Sypher’s New Jersey, Halleck’s In- 
ternational Law, Derry’s United States, Murray’s Grammar, Sue’s 
First Lessons in French, New Method in French, Exercises in 
French Syntax, Vicar of Wakefield and Key, Leverett’s Juvenal, 
Walker’s Dictionary, Voltaire’s Charles XII., Lieber’s Civil Lib- 
erty, Lieber’s Political Ethics, 2 volumes ; Hand book of Punc- 
tuation, Errors of Speech, Webster’s Speller and Definer, Bonsall’s 
Comly’s Speller, Long’s Grammar, and Jenkin’s Lexicon. 


Sower, Potts & Co. 1. Pelton’s Outline Maps, Large Size 
six in number, with Key to Full Set. 

2. Primers and Spellers, viz. : Washington Primer, Kelly’s 
Primer, Raub’s Primary Speller, and Raub’s Normal Speller. 


62 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


3. Brooks’s Mathematical Series, sixteen volumes ; Peterson’s 
Familiar Science, Bouvier’s Astronomy, Hillside’s Geology, and 
Fairbanks’ Book-Keeping. 

4. Fewsmith’s Grammars, Westlake’s How to Write Letters, 
Lloyd’s Literature for Little Folks, Roberts’s History of the 
United States, Sheppard’s First Book of the Constitution, and 
Text-Book of the Constitution, and Jarvis’s Chiming Bells, in 
Paper and Board Cover. 


PHILOSOPHICAL APPARATUS. 


EXHIBIT OF WILLIAM Y. M’ALLISTER, 
Manufacturing Optician, 728 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. 

Barometers. — Fine Traveler’s Aneroid Barometer, Fine Pocket 
Aneroid Barometer. 

Mathematical Instruments. — Cases of Fine Swiss Drawing 
Instruments, Cases of Fine German Silver Drawing Instruments, 
Cases of Fine Brass Drawing Instruments for Schools, Metallic 
Tape Measures, Pocket Compasses, Engineer’s Level. 

Stereopticons. — 1. McAllister’s Patent Stereo-Panopticon : 
The most compact, powerful and portable Stereopticon made, and 
having Automatic Lime Movements. Silver Medal awarded by 
the Franklin Institute, Exhibition of 1874. 

2. McAllister’s Patent Artopticons . The Artopticon is the most 
powerful Oil Lantern made, and the only instrument of this kind 
in which the Ascension Scene can be shown. 

3. Large Frame, containing 130 Plain Photographs on glass, of 
American and European Scenery. 

4. Large Frame, containing 130 Colored Photographic Slides, 
illustrating the Sciences of Astronomy, Botany, Geology, Zoo- 
logy, Entomology, Anatomy and Physiology, Natural History, 
Optics, Microscopy, and Art Studies of Egyptian and other 
Antiquities. 

Pneumatics. — Air Pump, Magdeburg Hemispheres, Glass Re- 
ceivers. 

Electricity. — Plate Electrical Machine. 20 in.; Leyden Jars> 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 63 

Fire House, Electrophorus, Sportsman and Birds, Gold Leaf 
Electrometer. 

Magnetism — Permanent Magnets, Magneto-Electric Machines, 
Revolving Bell Engine, Reciprocating Armature Engine. 

Acoustics. — Sonometer. 

Heat, etc. — Steam Engine, Blood Circulator, Thermometers. 

Optics. — Fine Microscopes, Spy Glasses, Astronomical Tele- 
scopes, India Rubber Nose Glasses, Magnifying Glasses, Codding- 
ton Lenses, Botanical Microscopes, Household Microscopes, Re- 
volving Stereoscopes, Glass Hydrometers. 

Mechanics. — Set of Mechanical Powers : Pulleys, Wheel and 
Axle, Capstan, etc., Set of Collision Balls. 

Centrifugal Forces Centrifugal Railroad. 

Hydrostatics and Hydraulics. — Model of Archimedes Screw, 
Model of Barker’s Mill, Model of Turbine Water Wheel, Hydro- 
static Bellows and Paradox, Model of Water Wheels. 

Astronomy and Globes. — Globe, Planispheres, Plain and Col- 
ored, Planetarium, Tellurian or Season Machine. 

EXHIBIT OF N. H. EDGERTON, PHILADELPHIA. 

1. Set of Models ^Crystals in Glass), Dissected Cube (in box), 
Centrifugal Railway, Two Gyr.oscopes, Atwood’s Machine, Uni- 
versal Aeriometer, Hydraulic Press,. Apparatus for Spouting 
Liquids, Model of Water Wheel, Model of Turbine Wheel, 
Hydraulic Ram, Air Pump, Fourteen Glass Receivers, Fountain 
in Vacuo. 

2. Octave of Tuning Forks, Helmholtz’s Resonator, Rubber 
Lens for Sound, Organ Tube, Tube for Manometric Flame, Ap- 
paratus to illustrate wave motion, Circular Organ Tube, Sonome- 
ter, Speaking Trumpet, Set of Chladni Plates, Box for Chladni 
Plates, two Bunsen Burners, Pyrometer, Thermo Multiplier, Pulse 
Glass, two Boutigny’s apparatus for showing Spheroidal state of 
Liquids. 

3. Electrical Machine, Di-Electric Machine, Electrical Bat- 
tery of 4 Leyden Jars, Electrical Chime, Thompson’s Electro- 
meter, Jointed Discharger, Spiral Tube, Electrical Egg, Bi- 
chromate Battery (Grenet), Bichromate Battery (Grenet), Gal- 
vanometer, Foucault Electrical Light Apparatus, Dial Telegraph, 
Twelve Induction Coils, Eighteen Varieties Gaissler Tubes. 

4. Spectrum Tubes, Vertical Semicircle, Chromatic Lens, 
Twenty-one Bisulphide of Carbon Prisms, Newton’s and Brews- 


6 4 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


ter’s Disc, Spectrum Chart, Eaton’s Student Spectroscope, Bun- 
sen’s Labratory Spectroscope, Mitscherlich Tubes, Set of Chemi- 
cals for Spectroscope, Stand for Plucker Tubes. 

5. Photographic Lenses, yz and size ; Photographic 
Lenses, Wide Angle ; Table Polariscope, Specimen Salicine, 
Hippuric Acid, Plate Selenite, uniform thickness ; Two Selen- 
ites, Five Crystals of Rutile, Specimen Sulphate Iron, Selenite 
Design, (Flowers,) Apparatus for showing effect of heat upon 
glass, Apparatus for showing effect of transverse steam upon 
glass; Apparatus to Show the Strain upon the structure of a 
block of glass, Specimen of Quartz, cut at right angles to the 
axis; 12 -inch Globe on Pedestal, Rotator for Geissler Tubes, 
Set of Glass Breakers, Flat-Bottomed Flasks, Funnel, 4 oz. Grad- 
uate, Graduated Cylinder, 1000 Cubic Centimetres Graduated 
to io.c.c., 4 Varieties Hydrometer Jars, Jar Graduated to Cubic 
Inches, Agate Mortar, Twelve Chemical Retorts, Specie Jars, 
Set of Botanical Charts. 

5. Oxyhydroga Stereopticon, Pair Edgerton’s Self-condensing 
Gas Cylinders, Oxyhydro Carbon Lantern, Educational Lantern, 
Adjusting Stand for Prisms, Microscope for Projection, Glass 
Goblet for inversion, Adjusting Stand, Oil Lantern, Frame of 
Plain and Colored Slides, Large Magic Lantern Slides, Marloy’s 
Harp, Student’s Microscope, Holman’s Class Microscope, Stu- 
dent’s Binocular Microscope, Economic Microscope. 


SCHOOL FURNITURE. 


Keystone School and Church Furniture Co., Successors to 
J. A. Bancroft & Co., 512 Arch Street, Philadelphia. 

1. The “ Triumph” Gothic School Desk, with Folding Seat, 
for Common Schools, 4 sizes in Maple and Walnut wood, with 
bronzed and black castings. 

2. The 4 ‘Gothic” Solid Back Desk with Folding Seat, 3 sizes 
in Ash and Walnut wood, with bronzed and black castings. 

3. The “ Triumph” High School Desk, with Lifting Lid, for 
High Schools. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


6 5 


4. The “Keystone” Normal Desk, with Lifting Lid. 

5. The “Keystone” Revolving Pedestal Chair, for High 
Schools. 

6. The “Triumph” Recitation Seat, Walnut and Ash woods. 

7. The “ Keystone” College Settee, with Solid Back and Fold- 
ing Seat. 

8. The “Keystone” Assembly Room Settee, with Folding Seat 
and Arm Rest. 

9. The “Keystone” University Settee, for Halls, Universities, 
etc. 

10. The “Keystone” Primary Recitation Settee, with Book 
Boxes, Arm Rests, etc. 

it. The “Bancroft” Reversible Settee, for Sabbath-schools, 
churches, etc. 

12. A Patent Opera Seat, with Folding Seat. 

13. An Improved Desk for use of Teacher. 


I. Newton Peirce, No. 29 Strawberry street, Philadelphia. 

1. Four Peirce’s Patent Folding Combination School Desks of 
different sizes. 

2. Two Reversible Seats, Patent Joints. 

3. One Reversible Settee, Patent Joints. 


Evans & Baird, West Chester, Pa. 

1. Three Single School Desks, Primary, Secondary, and Gram- 
mar, with Folding Seats and Curved Backs. 


Excelsior School Furniture Manufacturing Company, 
1003 Arch street, Philadelphia. 

1. Charter Oak School Desks. 

2. Bent Wood School Desks. 

3. Excelsior School Desks. 

4. Reversible Settee. 

5. Hall and Porch Settee. 


J. D. Diffenderfer, Lewisburg, Pa. 

1. Five different sizes, of school desks and seats, gotten up in a 
new style called the “ Royal Arch.” 


66 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


A MODEL 


OF AN IMPROVED DISTRICT SCHOOL HOUSE AND GROUNDS. 

This model was built for the Superintendent of Public Instruc- 
tion by Mr. A. F. Old, of the Keystone School and Church Man- 
ufacturing Company. It is designed as a model for school boards 
in erecting country and village school houses. It is constructed 
on a scale of an inch to a foot, and will be found accurate and 
complete. Ventilation and heating are shown by models on the 
same scale as the house. Provision is made for clothes and wash 
rooms for the pupils, and for a retiring room for the teacher. A 
school house in all respects like the model, twenty-two by thirty- 
four feet, can be built for fifteen hundred dollars. 


SCHOOL APPARATUS. 


Keystone School and Church Furniture Company, 512 Arch 
Street, Philadelphia. 

1. A Celestial Globe, sixteen inches in diameter, and a Terres- 
trial Globe, same size, both with Horizon and Bronzed Stand. 

2. A Tellurian Brass Tripod Stand ; Call Bells, silver plated ; 
Drawing Slates, etc., etc. 

3. A Wall Alphabetical Chart in Blue and White, and a Wall 
Multiplication Chart in Blue and White. 

4. Camp’s Outline and Physical Map of the United States, on 
Rollers ; and Outline and Physical Map of Hemispheres on Roll- 
ers. The water is shown in Blue, thus presenting great contrast 
with the land. 

5. Johnston’s Charts of Natural Science, colored and in map 
form, on Rollers. 

6. A Wall Blackboard of Natural Slate. This is the largest 
Blackboard ever quarried, and is a novelty, as well as a specimen 
of indestructible Blackboard. 

7. Slated Blackboard — prepared with the Keystone Liquid 
Slating for Walls, etc. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 07 

8. Keystone Blackboard Support — with improved Floor Sup- 
ports. 


Excelsior School Furniture Manufacturing Company, 
Philadelphia. 

1. A Black Board with Crayon Drawing. 

2. Nichols’ Primary Geographic Model, illustrating the defini- 
tions of land and water. 

3. Nichols’ Geographic Models of the United States and Ter- 
ritories. 


C. E. Pond, Private Instructor in Penmanship and Book-keep- 
in g, Philadelphia. 

1. Business Practice Bureau for object lessons in book-keeping. 
It may be used to represent any Business House or Concern, and 
thus illustrate to the eye of the student the true principles of equal 
debit and credit. It contains an apartment for each account, 
with debit and credit rules, and is designed to combine the theory 
and practice in a peculiarly impressive manner. 

2. Book-keepers’ Reference Chart, containing full directions 
for accountants or students while opening, conducting or closing 
any “set of books.” 

3. Specimens of Penmanship and Off-hand Flourishing. 


Hugh R. Stewart, Mercer, Pennsylvania. 

Specimen of Combination Blackboard. This blackboard is 
constructed on a paper base, pasted on a plastered wall. Two 
coatings are used. The finishing is such as to permit the use of 
chalk, dustless crayon or steatite pencils. 


J. L. Smith, Map Publisher, 27 South Sixth Street, Philadel- 
phia. 

1. Walnut Map Case to hold P'-m four to twenty large maps. 

2. Spring Map Rollers. 

3. Sundry Maps, suitable for schools, all arranged in Map Case, 


A. B. Justice & Co., 14 N. 5th St., Philadelphia. 


68 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


1. One Blackboard Slate, 3 feet by 5 feet, framed; made by 
David Williams & Co. 

2. Three “ wide frame” “ Counting House” Slates — sizes 7 by 
11, 8 by 12, 9 by 13. Six “wide frame” School Slates — sizes 5 
by 7, 6 by 9, 6)4 by 10, 7 by 11, 8 by 12, 9 by 13. The above, 
Cherry and Black Walnut frames; made by Franklin Ames. 

3. Five School slates — Cherry frames, “extra” quality — sizes 

5 by 7, 6 by 9, by 10, 7 by 11, 8 by 12 — quality used in the 
Public Schools of Philadelphia ; made by F. Ames. 

4. Five “Bartholomew’s” Rubber Corner Slates — sizes 5 by 7, 

6 by 9, 6)4 by 10, 7 by n, 8 by 12 ; made for Potter, Ains- 
worth & Co., by Franklin Ames. 

5. Slates made by G. S. Coffin. Five “Moulded Edge’’ 
School Slates, Cherry frames, sizes 5 by 7, 6 by 9, 6)4 by 10, 7 by 

11, 8 by 12 — usual “Best” quality. Three “ Excelsior” Slates, 
sizes 5 by 7, 6 by 9, 7 by 11, of quality same as used in Philadel- 
phia Public Schools. 

6. Slates made by Locke Slate Co. Eight School Slates, Wal- 
nut frames, sizes 4 by 6, 5 by 7, 6 by 9, 6)4 by 10, 7 by 11, 8 by 

12, 9 by 13, 9)4 by 14. Seven “ Counting House” Slates, Wal- 
nut frames, sizes 5 by 7, 6 by 9, 6)4 by io, 7 by 11, 8 by 12, 9 by 

13, 9 % by 14* Three Log Slates, sizes 6 by 9, 7 by 11, 9 by 13. 

7. Also exhibited by S. B. Archer — A. B. Justice & Co., 
agents, 14 N. 5th St., Philada. School Slate Rubbers, Blackboard 
do. 


Miller Organ Company, Lebanon, Pa. Two Cabinet Organs 
of different sizes suitable for schools. 

These organs are noted for their substantial construction, their 
fine finish, the variety of their musical effects, and the quickness 
of their articulation. 


Perrot’s Music Charts, 10 in number, all mounted on muslin, 
in map form : Nos. 1 and 2 are 43 by 56 inches ; and 3 to 10 in- 
clusive, are 56 by 72 inches. These charts are designed for 
teaching vocal music in public and private schools, and are 
fully explained in an accompanying book, entitled Companion 
to Perrot’s Music Charts. A simple and comprehensive method 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


69 

for teaching vocal music by persons not thoroughly conversant 
with musical science, whilst equally adapted for the use of musi- 
cians. 

In connection with this system of charts is an instrument con- 
trived by the author, to which he has given the name of Sono- 
gnome (sound indicator). This instrument, of the nature of a 
melodeon, is intended not only to relieve teachers from the con- 
tinuous use of the voice in teaching solfeggio, but also to insure 
the greatest correctness as to the pitch of sounds. 

Its portability is such, that one person can easily carry it from 
one room to another; so that one instrument will suffice for the 
use of a whole school. 

Its power to sustain a continuous fulness of sound always in the 
proper pitch, makes it a sure guide to the most correct intonation. 

In one word it combines many requisites, making it most valu- 
able for teaching in schools, etc. 


Sibole & Stellwagen, 727 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. 
“ The Reader’s Ready Rest.” This is a portable reading and 
writing desk, and can be easily fastened to a chair, desk, sofa, 
table, garden seat, bed-rail, or ship’s berth, and is suitable for 
books of both large and small size. A stand is made to accom- 
pany it if desired. 


Robert Riddle, 1214 Hancock Street, Philadelphia. 

1. Working models of skeleton Groins, Niches, Hand-rails, 
and Circular Work of unequal curvature. 

2. Models in card-board, cut and made to fold by means of a 
hinge, thus showing the actual projections from a flat surface of 
various geometric construction in Carpentry, Joinery, Masonry, 
etc., etc. 

The exhibitor claims that these works are produced by an orig- 
inal combination of a few geometrical lines, which makes the 
Carpenter, Joiner, and Stair-builder’s art a perfect science. 


70 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


ASTRONOMICAL APPARATUS. 


John Davis, Allegheny City, Pa., Inventor, Patentee and Ex- 
hibitor. 

Plan-e-tel-les. — This instrument, which is the only one of the 
kind in existence , is composed of two parts, viz.: a metallic ma- 
chine which operates with a cog-gear, and a chart which contains 
the abbreviations of the technicalities of the Astronomy of the 
Solar System. When the wheel-work is put in motion, as it can 
be by a crank spring or weight, it represents the rotation of the 
Sun on his axis, the relative annual motions of the eight primary 
planets, also their relative diurnal motions, and the various mo- 
tions of all the satellites around the Sun, around their primaries 
and on their axes, and illustrates the succession of their days and 
nights, the inclination of their axes to the planes of their orbits, 
the change of their seasons, the change of the Sun’s declination in 
relation to each, and his rising and setting on each ; the different 
lengths of their days and nights, the difference in the length of 
their seasons, their conjunctions, and the phases of Mercury and 
Venus, the retrogression of the Moon’s nodes, and the length of 
lunar days and nights, the solar and lunar eclipses, and the 
changes, phases, fulling and eclipses of all the satellites. No 
mechanical device that has ever been brought before the public, 
presents such an ocular demonstration of the Planetary system in 
motion, and expresses its phenomena with such precision and 
accuracy as the Planetelles ; and, as it is portable, is not liable to 
get out of order and occupies but little space, as it works verti- 
cally, it commends itself to the use of educators in seminaries, 
academies and colleges, places which it fills as an illustrator of 
science, with greater fidelity in many respects than the living 
instructor. 

Helio-tel-lus. — This instrument is composed of two parts, 
viz.: a metallic machine which operates with cog-gear, and a chart 
which contains the abbreviations of the technicalities of the As- 
tronomy of the Earth and Moon, and two inferior planets. When 
the wheel-work is put in motion, as it can be by a crank spring 
or weight, it represents the rotation of the Sun on his axis, the 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 7 1 

relative yearly motions of Mercury, Venus and the Earth, also 
their relative daily motions, and the motions of the Moon around 
the Earth, around the Sun and on her axis. It shows Venus as the 
morning and evening star, the inclination of the axes of the Earth 
and Venus to the planes of their orbits, and illustrates the respective 
widths of their different zones, the succession and duration of their 
different seasons, the different lengths of their days and nights, 
the declination of the Sun in relation to each, and his rising and 
setting on each, the superior and inferior conjunctions of Mercury 
and Venus, also the solar and lunar eclipses, the length of lunar 
days and nights, the retrogression of the Moon’s nodes, and the 
changes, phases and fulling of the Moon. This instrument for the 
purpose of illustrating a portion of the planetary system and the 
phenomena resulting therefrom is invaluable; and as it can be 
carried in the hand and occupies but little space, economizes the 
time and expense of the pupil, and diminishes the labor of the 
teacher, it is especially adapted to the use of families and every 
grade of schools in which the elements of Astronomy or Geogra- 
phy are taught. 

Luna-tel-lus, No. i. — This instrument is composed of two 
parts, viz.: a metallic machine which operates with cog-gear, and 
a chart which contains the abbreviations of the technicalities of 
the astronomy of the Earth and Moon. When the wheel-work is 
put in motion, as it can be by a crank spring or weight, it illus- 
trates the astronomical phenomena of the Sun, Earth and Moon 
in their natural order, with the geography of the Earth in its pro- 
per relation to them. The Sun is made to turn on his axis, the 
Earth revolves at her proper inclination on her axis and around 
the Sun, producing not only the change of seasons and the vicissi- 
tudes of day and night, but also their natural increase and de- 
crease in length. The Moon revolves around the Sun, on her 
axis, and around the Earth, producing the alternation of her days 
and nights, her changes, phases, and fulling, and also, by her ret- 
rograding at every revolution, the interesting phenomena of solar 
and lunar eclipses. And as the natural division of the surface of 
the Earth and the political divisions of every country are marked 
on the body that is employed to represent the Earth, the geo- 
graphical and astronomical relations of every locality, at any par- 
ticular period during the year, are clearly exhibited to the eye. 


72 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


Luna-tel-lus, No. 2 — Is similar to Lunatellus, No. 1, in its 
construction and movements, and differs from it only in size and 
price. 


Henry Whitall, 512 Arch St., Philadelphia. 

1. Sixteen Movable Planispheres of the Heavens, as seen every 
minute every day. Number one has the constellations painted 
like the Celestial Globe. Number two has white stars on a black 
ground. The two make a complete set and are accompanied 
with ninety-nine rules of explanations. Number six is photo- 
graphed on Glass for the Stereopticon, in mahogany frames with 
brass cog-wheels, and can be moved so as to show the sky any 
minute any day. If contains pictures of the constellations and 
names of the stars. Number seven is the same as number six, with 
all left off that can be spared, to look natural like the clear sky. 
It has the stars with Greek letters by them, and shows the boun- 
daries of the constellations so small as not to be conspicuous. 

2. Bartlett’s Celestial Hemisphere of the Heavens from both 
Poles to the Equator. 

3. Davis’ Luna-tel-lus, which shows the true motions of the 
Sun, Earth, and Moon. 

4. Davis’ Helio-tel-lus, which shows the motions of Mercury, 
Venus, the Earth, and the Moon. 

5. Bryant’s Celestial Indicator, showing the Sun in the centre 
with the Primary Planets around it in order, bound around by 
the Zodiac. 

6. Long’s Patent Tellurian, adopted by the Boards of Educa- 
tion of New York and Brooklyn. 


John Devlin, 1320 N. 23d St., Philada. 

The Automatic Indicator of the Meridian time, Latitude of the 
locality, etc. It gives the Ecliptic Limits of the Sun and Moon, 
and is a true measure of declination. It is valuable in the school 
room for teaching Astronomy. 


Miscellaneous Articles — 

1. Dr. Whitner’s Music Expositor, including Musical Dic- 
tionary and Demonstrator. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


73 


2. A complete set of Guyot’s Maps, used largely in Pennsyl- 
vania Schools! 

3. A Chinese Grammar by Charles Ruby, born in Lehigh 
county, Pa., and now President of the International Association 
of Professors, Paris, France. 


SCHOOL ORNAMENTATION. 


This department is intended to represent the decorations 
appropriate for the school room. 

It contains : A fountain with fish of different kinds, twining 
vines, hanging baskets, flower-pots, statues, statuettes, Rogers’ 
groups, mottoes, vases of flowers, and a collection of beautiful 
engravings. 


APPENDIX. 


OUTLINE OF THE PENNSYLVANIA SYSTEM OF 
PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 

GENERAL STATISTICS. 

Extent of Territory — square miles 46,000 

Population in 1870 3,521,791 

Assessed value of Property in 1874 $1,760,765,415 

Real value $3,500,000,000 

Product of Coal in 1874 — tons 36,547,615 

Product of Pig-iron in 1873 — tons 1,401,497 

Product of Oil from 1859 to 1875 — barrels 67,700,000 

Annual value of Products of Mines $76,000,000 

Annual value of Manufactured Products $712,000,000 

Annual value of Farm Products $183,946,027 

Land under tillage — acres 13,000,000 

EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS. 

Number of persons in the State in 1870 between the 

ages of five and eighteen 1,076,000 

Estimated number in 1876 between six and twenty- 

one (the school age) 1,200,000 

Number of Pupils enrolled in the Public Schools 

in 1875 890,073 

Average number 551,848 

Estimated number in other than Public Schools. .. 60,000 

Number of Schools in 1875 1 7,092 

Number of Graded Schools in 1875 5*625 

Number of School Directors in 1875 13,825 

Number of Superintendents in 1875 , . . . . .. 89 

Number of Teachers in 1875 19,880 

Average salaries of Male Teachers in 1875 $41 07 

Average salaries of Female Teachers in 1875 $34 09 

Average length of School Term — months, nearly. . 7 

Average cost of tuition per month for each pupil . . $00 92 

(74) 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


Cost of tuition in 1875 $4,476,875 52 

Cost of buildings, etc., in 1875, 2,059,464 83 

Cost of fuel and contingencies in 1875 2,448,315 78 


Other appropriations and expenses in 1875 272,411 10 

Cost of Soldiers’ Orphan Schools, paid directly by 

the State in 1875 423,693 7 6- 

Total expenditures for school purposes in 1875 • • • • 9,95°>76o 99 

State appropriations to common schools 1,000,000 oa 

Amount raised by local taxes levied for school pur- 


poses 8,131,980 45, 

Value of school property in 1875 24,260,787 oo< 


GROWTH OF THE SYSTEM. 

The figures below show the growth of the Public School system- 


in the past ten years, from 1865 to 1875. 

1865. 

1875.. 

Number of graded schools 

*,743 

5,625 

Number of superintendents 

6 5 

89 

Average salaries of male teachers 
Average salaries of female teach- 

$31 82 

$41 07 

ers 

$24 21 

$34 09 

Cost of tuition 

$2,515,528 63 

$4,746,875 52 

Cost of school houses 

$465,088 08 

$2,059,465 83 

Total cost 

Number of teachers attending 

$3,614,238 55 

$ 9 , 363,927 07 

County Institutes 

2,755 

13,863 

Number of Normal Schools 

3 

9 


FIELD OF ADMINISTRATION. 

i. School Districts . — Every township, borough and city in the 
State of Pennsylvania constitutes a school district. There are in 
all 2,100 such districts. The great cities of Philadelphia and 
Pittsburgh each constitutes but one school district, and here and 
there in the country there is a district with a single school. The 
average number of schools in a district is a little over eight ; in 
the rural districts it is about six. 

The affairs of school districts are in the main managed by 
boards of school directors, composed of citizens elected by the 
people. In country districts these boards consist of six persons, 
two of whom are elected annually. Their term of office is three 
years. 


76 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


In cities and boroughs these boards, in most cases, are larger, 
being composed generally of three persons from each ward. 
Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and Allentown have a local board in 
each ward, and in addition a central board. 

In the hands of these boards the laws of Pennsylvania place the 
most vital interests of public education. They select the sites for 
school houses and erect them; provide furniture, apparatus and 
text-books; fix courses of study and the length of school terms; 
employ the teachers and make contracts for their salaries ; levy 
and collect local taxes; receive the State appropriations and dis- 
burse the money. 

These powers are exercised by school boards almost at will. 
No outside authority, no government official, has a right to in- 
terfere with the large discretion granted them. 

As a consequence of this localization of power in the manage- 
ment of school affairs — the character of the school-houses and their 
equipment ; the qualifications and salaries of teachers ; the length 
of school terms and the wisdom of courses of study — all — are an 
exact measure of the people' s interest in education , and their ability 
to manage for themselves a system of public instruction. 

Still, there are some limitations to the powers of school boards 
which should be mentioned. Among these are the following : 
they must provide a sufficient number of schools to accommodate 
all the children of proper age in their respective districts, and 
keep the schools open at least five months in the year; they must 
have certain branches of study taught ; they must employ no 
teacher without a valid certificate; they must permit the proper 
superintendent to direct the teachers in methods of instruction 
and discipline; they must publish their financial accounts, and 
make an annual report to the Department of Public Instruction. 
The penalty for a violation of any of these provisions is the for- 
feiture of the money appropriated by the State to the district, or 
dismissal from office_ 

Any board of directors may appoint a district superintendent, 
to visit and inspect the schools. There are many such officers. 

2. Counties. — Once in three years the school directors of each 
county assemble in convention for the purpose of electing a county 
superintendent of schools and fixing his salary. No one is eligible 
to this office unless a teacher in possession of certain evidence show- 
ing that he has proper qualifications for the place. These officers 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


77 


are commissioned, if no valid objection is made before him to its 
being done, by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, and are 
subject to removal by him for cause. They also receive their 
salaries from the State through him. Their duties are to examine 
and certificate teachers, visit schools and give instruction in 
methods of teaching and governing; to hold teachers’ institutes ; 
to give advice to school directors; to manage the general interests 
of education in their respective counties ; and to make reports 
monthly and yearly, to the Department of Public Instruction. 

There are sixty-five such officers now in commission. 

Under a special law cities or boroughs of over 7,000 inhabitants 
can elect superintendents in the . same way as county superinten- 
dents are elected. These officers are commissioned like county 
superintendents; they must have like qualifications, and perform 
like duties. 

There are now in office twenty-three city and borough superin- 
tendents. The average salary paid the county superintendents is 
a little less than $ 1,200 per annum, and that paid city and borough 
superintendents something over $1,500 per annum. 

3. State Department of Public Instruction . — The office of the 
Department of Public Instruction is in the Capitol Building at 
Harrisburg. The Superintendent is appointed by the Governor, 
but the appointment must be confirmed by a vote of two-thirds of 
all the members of the Senate. 

He holds his office for four years, and at present his salary is 
$3,750 and traveling expenses. He is aided by two deputies, one 
chief clerk, two inspectors of Orphan Schools, and five other 
officers. 

The Superintendent of Public Instruction, among others, is 
entrusted with the following powers : 

1. To pay by warrant on the State Treasurer all moneys appro- 
priated to public schools, normal schools and for salaries of su- 
perintendents. 

2. To withhold the money appropriated by the State from any 
district whose board of directors fails to report annually under oath 
its financial condition, that its teachers hold valid certificates, 
and that its schools have been kept open in all respects according 
to law. 

3. To require monthly and annual reports of their work from 
all superintendents of schools, and to remove any county super- 


78 * CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 

intendent for neglect of duty, incompetency, or immorality, and 
appoint another in his stead, until the next triennial convention 
of directors. 

4. To exercise a voice in the granting of all the higher grades 
of teachers’ certificates. 

5. To appoint State Trustees for Normal Schools, and boards 
to examine their graduating classes; and to approve their courses 
of study, by-laws and regulations, and the prices charged students 
for boarding, etc. 

6. To require reports from Normal Schools and all Colleges, 
Academies and Seminaries that have received aid from the State, 
or been incorporated under its laws. 

7. To make contracts on the part of the State for the admis- 
sion of all Soldiers’ Orphans into proper schools or homes, and 
to provide and pay for their maintenance and instruction. He 
has at the present time under his supervision about 3,000 of these 
orphan children. 

8. To expend the funds intrusted to him for the purpose, 
$7,000 in 1876, in providing instruction at the State Normal 
Schools for the girls leaving the Soldiers’ Orphan Schools at six- 
teen years of age, best fitted to make good teachers. Sixty-five 
of these orphan girls are now in the Normal Schools, all their 
expenses being paid by the State; and a large number, having 
been prepared for the work in this way, are engaged in teaching 
public schools. 

9. To decide without appeal controversies or disputed points 
among district school officers, and give advice concerning the 
meaning of the school law, and explanations as to the manage- 
ment of schools, to all that apply to him for that purpose. 

PROFESSIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR TEACHERS. 

Normal Schools . — The city of Philadelphia has a well appointed 
Normal School for Girls, established in -1848. It is connected 
with the public school system of the city. 

Under a State law passed in 1857, there are nine State Normal 
Schools in successful operation, with an attendance of nearly 
4,000, and property valued at $1,000,000. 

. County Insti titles . — A Teachers’ Institute of a week’s duration is 
held in every county of the State once a year, under the direction 
of the Superintendent. The main object of the Institute is to 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 


79 


impart professional instruction. The attendance in 1875 was > °f 
teachers, 13,865; of school directors, 1,935. The lecturers and 
instructors numbered nearly 500. The several counties appro- 
priated for this purpose $13,145.53. 

District Institutes. — Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and all the princi- 
pal cities and towns in the State, have organizations of teachers 
meeting for self-improvement, some of them weekly, others less 
frequently. Seven hundred similar organizations were reported 
last year in operation in the country districts. 

Associations. — A State Teachers’ Association was formed in 
1852, and has held annual meetings since that time. The attend- 
ance of members has sometimes reached over a thousand. 

Teachers' Libraries. — Philadelphia has an excellent Teachers’ 
Library. Some other cities and counties have smaller ones. 

Teachers' Journals. — The first number of the Pennsylvania 
School Journal was issued in January, 1852, and its circulation is 
probably larger than that of any other Educational Magazine in 
the United States. The Normal Monthly, Educator and Educa- 
tional Voice are papers extensively read by teachers. 

Teachers' Examinations and Certificates. — Three grades of 
Teachers’ Certificates are granted by superintendents, and two 
by. boards of examiners at Normal Schools. The first grade of 
certificate granted by superintendents is called a “Provisional” 
certificate, and is granted to applicants of good moral character 
who are found by examination to possess a fair knowledge of 
Orthography, Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Geography, Gram- 
mar, History of the United States, and the Theory of Teaching; 
and is good only for one year. 

The second grade, called a “Professional” certificate, is 
granted by superintendents to those who possess a thorough 
knowledge of the branches above named, and have had success- 
ful experience in teaching. It is good in the jurisdiction where 
issued for the term of the officer issuing it, and for one year there- 
after. 

The third grade, called a “ Permanent” certificate, is granted 
by the State Superintendent of Public Instruction to any teacher 
holding a “ Professional” certificate who is recommended by the 
boards of directors for whom he has taught, a committee of five 
teachers holding the higher grades of certificates, elected by bal- 


So 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


lot at the County Teachers’ Institute, and by the superintendent 
of the proper jurisdiction. This certificate is good for life in the 
urisdiction where issued, and for one year within the jurisdiction 
of any other superintendent. 

The board of examiners at a normal school is composed of the 
Superintendent of Public Instruction or Deputy, as President, two 
Principals of Normal Schools, and two county or city Superin- 
tendents. The first grade of certificate or diploma, granted by 
such a board, licenses the holder, a graduate, to teach for two 
years in any part of the State without examination. The second 
grade is granted to graduate teachers of two years’ standing who 
make application, recommended by the board or boards of school 
directors for whom they have taught, and by the Superintendent 
or Superintendents in whose jurisdiction the teaching has been 
done. These “ Diplomas” are good for life anywhere in the 
State. 

WEAK POINTS IN THE SYSTEM. 

The strength of the Pennsylvania system of public instruction 
is evinced by the fact that it provides a school house and a 
teacher for every two hit?idred and thirty five of the inhabitants of 
the State ; that it brings to school every year voluntarily, for a 
longer or shorter time, nearly onefiourth of the whole population, 
men, women and children, and that four millions of people vote 
annually, of their own accord, over $8,000,000 out of their own 
pockets for its support. But this system has also its weak points, 
or points which appear to be weak when compared with similar 
systems in some other countries. Among these are the following : 

1. Short School Tenns . — The public schools of the State are 
open on an average a little less than seven months in the year. 
Those of cities and towns are generally open two or three months 
longer, and the same is true of those in a few hundred country 
districts ; making in all of long-term schools between one-fourth 
and one-fifth of the whole number. The length of term in 
country districts, taken by themselves, will scarcely average six 
months. 

2. Small Salaries Paid Teachers. — There are in the State 
connected with public schools about fifty teachers’ positions that 
pay % 2,000 a year and upwards ; there may be twice as many 
more that pay between $1,500 and $2,000, and two hundred 
would probably embrace all that pay between $1,000 and $1,500. 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 8 1 

Several thousand teachers receive salaries exceeding $500 per an- 
num, but a still greater number receive salaries less than that 
amount, while there are a few who give their services for as little 
as $15 a month. The average salary in 1875 f°r ma l e teachers 
was $41.07 a month, and for female teachers $34.09. But even 
at these low rates, the State paid her teachers in 1875 nearly 
$5, ooo , oo °, having almost doubled the amount expended in this 
way in the past ten years. 

3. The Want of Permanent Teachers . — In most European 
countries a person who once secures a position as teacher can 
reasonably count upon keeping it during life, certainly during 
good behavior. In Pennsylvania, as in the United States gene- 
rally, teaching has not assumed, except in special cases, the 
character of a fixed profession or line of business. Of the 17,000 
teachers who will have charge of the Pennsylvania schools during 
the coming year, at least 3,000 will fill the teacher’s office for 
the first time. In 1875 -only 4,359 teachers, out of 15,315, ex- 
cluding Philadelphia, had taught five years or over. The aver- 
age age of all the teachers in the State does not exceed twenty-six 
years. The great body of the teachers are young men and 
women, the sons and daughters of the more intellectual classes; 
fresh from school or college, ardent, enterprising and ambitious, 
they do not consider themselves permanent teachers, but look 
forward to some other field of labor as a life-work. 

4. Non attendance at School. — While as already stated nearly 
one-fourth of the whole population of the State attend school some 
portion of every year, there are probably ten thousand children 
of school age growing up without any education at all, and a much 
larger number with so little that its effect upon their life and char- 
acter is almost imperceptible. The census of 1870 sets Pennsyl- 
vania down as having 31,512 youth between the ages of 10 and 21 
years who cannot write ; and while a large proportion of these are 
the children of foreigners lately arrived in the country, the fact 
that so much ignorance exists among us shows that something 
yet remains to be done to make education universal. 

THE WEAK POINTS EXPLAINED. 

Not to apologize for defects in our system, but to explain the 
existence of facts like those above-named, the following observa- 
tions are appended : 


82 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


1. It is to be remembered that all questions relating to the 
length of school terms, the amount of teachers’ salaries, the stand- 
ard of qualifications adopted for the teachers employed, and the 
measures taken to bring absent children to school, are placed by 
our laws in the hands of the local school authorities. The Gov- 
ernment exerts no direct power whatever in determining them. The 
results are the product of purely natural, social and political influ- 
ences emanating from the people. They are an exact measure of 
what the people know about schools, and what they are willing to 
do to educate their own children. A much more showy exterior 
might conceal a much less vigorous life. This effort to pro- 
vide for an interest so dear to them is calculated to evoke the in- 
tellectual and moral force of the whole people. They educate 
themselves in educating their children. 

2. School terms in country districts average only about six 
months. The schools are generally open in winter and closed in 
summer. Pennsylvania is an agricultural community. The farms 
as a rule are tilled by those who own them. As soon as old 
enough, children in the country are required to work, the girls in 
the house, the boys on the farm. If it cost no more to keep the 
schools open ten than it does to keep them open six months, 
there are thousands of them that would be entirely deserted at 
certain seasons of the year when farm-work is to be done that can 
be performed by children. This home work is the industrial fea- 
ture of our system. An intelligent countryman will maintain that 
six months in a school room and six months on a farm is better 
for a boy than the whole twelve months in the school room. How 
far wrong is he? His plan at least makes a healthy, intelligent, 
and industrious people. 

3. The teachers’ salaries aret small, but as matters stand they 
are fixed by the laws of supply and demand. First-class teachers 
are fairly paid. Any competent young man who chooses to make 
teaching a profession and adequately prepares himself for the 
work is sure of a good salary and an honorable position. There 
is room for many such. But with teachers up to the present popular 
standard of qualifications the market is so well supplied that the 
price paid for their services is kept from advancing rapidly. 
School boards will not pay a high price for what they can get for 
a low one. The remedy is a demand for a higher standard of 
qualifications on the part of teachers ; and to secure this there 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 83 

must be brought about a higher standard of intelligence among 
the people. A strong central government could at once, over the 
heads of the people, appoint well qualified teachers and give them 
large salaries; but nothing of the kind can be done in this country, 
and it is a question whether in the long run it is best to do it any- 
where. 

4. But few persons who engage in teaching remain in the busi- 
ness for life. This is owing to the social and political condition 
of the country. A majority of our teachers are ladies, most of 
them under twenty-five years of age. They teach a little while, 
and marry. The opportunities of entering into business, of 
studying a profession, of getting an office, of rising in the world, 
are so great that ambitious young men teach only until the oppor- 
tunity comes. Our schools suffer for want of experience on the 
part of teachers ; but they gain something also in freshness, force, 
and freedom from fixed routine. Those who have not lived in 
the United States can hardly realize the amount of youthful talent 
and energy that is found in our school-rooms. It is scarcely too 
much to say that one-half of the leading men in the country, 
Governors of States, Cabinet officers, Congressmen, Judges, men 
eminent as lawyers, doctors, clergymen, merchants, began life as 
teachers. 

5. The number of illiterate persons is happily decreasing in the 
State. The census of 1870 gives 190,829 as the number above 
twenty-one years of age who could not write, while 31,512 is the 
number who could not write between the ages of ten and twenty- 
one. Few American-born citizens, however ignorant themselves, 
deprive their children of the advantages of an education, and the 
foreigners now emigrating to the State are much more intelligent 
than they were in former years. There is a fair prospect there- 
fore that the evil of non attendance at school can be overcome 
without resorting to those compulsory measures in use under a dif- 
ferent form of government. With the establishment of a suffi- 
cient number of institutions for destitute, friendless and vagrant 
children, there is not a single school district in the Common- 
wealth of Pennsylvania that cannot, by a vigorous administration 
of its school affairs, bring voluntarily into school every child of 
proper age within its limits. 


84 


CENTENNIAL CATALOGUE. 


SECONDARY EDUCATION. 

The means of Secondary Education in the State are : 

1. Public High Schools. 

2. Public Graded Schools with Departments for Higher In- 
struction. 

3. Ungraded Public Schools with Pupils in Advanced Studies. 

Of these classes of schools there are about twenty-five hundred, 

with pupils studying the higher branches numbering forty thou- 
sand. 

4. Academies and Seminaries. 

5. Boarding Schools and Private Day Schools. 

Of Academies and Seminaries the census of 1870 sets Pennsyl- 
vania down as having one hundred and thirty-eight, with ten 
thousand nine hundred and eighty-seven pupils; and of Boarding 
Schools and Private Day Schools, four hundred, with sixteen 
thousand one hundred pupils. In these institutions probably 
one-half, or thirteen thousand five hundred and ninety-four of 
the pupils, study one or more of the higher branches. 

6. The State Normal Schools. 

The Normal Schools furnish instruction in the higher branches 
annually to about three thousand students. 

HIGHER EDUCATION. 

In 1870, according to the census, Pennsylvania had six Uni- 
versities and thirty-three Colleges, with three hundred and forty- 
nine professors, and six thousand three hundred and fifty-seven 
students, of whom one thousand four hundred and seventy were 
females. Not all the institutions thus reported enjoy full collegi- 
ate rank. There are in fact only about twenty-five hundred 
students in the regular college classes of Pennsylvania institutions. 
The colleges proper are all chartered by acts of the Legislature ; 
a few of them have been aided by grants of land or appropria- 
tions of money from the State; but in the main they have been 
founded and are endowed and supported by the different relig- 
ious denominations. 

TECHNICAL EDUCATION. 

In the European sense Pennsylvania has no great technical 
school ; but an effort is being made to do something in the direc- 
tion of technical education. 

The Polytechnic College, of Philadelphia, was organized in 


PENNSYLVANIA EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. 85 

1 85 3. It comprises a scientific school and five technical schools. 
It has a good faculty and an increasing number of students. 

The Lehigh University and Pennsylvania State College are 
more technical than literary in their aims, and are doing a good 
work in fitting young men to direct the various industries of the 
State. 

Lafayette College, the University of Pennsylvania, and the 
Western University of Pennsylvania have strong, well-organized 
technical departments. 

The Night School for Artisans, under the public school author- 
ities of Philadelphia, the Department of Technical Education 
connected with the High School at Pittsburgh, the addition of 
branches of study of a technical character to the courses of High 
Schools in others of our cities, all point clearly to the adoption of 
a policy favorable to technical education. 

The Franklin Institute, of Philadelphia, has long labored in the 
cause of practical science ; and the Wagner Free Institute, more 
recently established, is doing a good work in the same direction. 
We have two flourishing Art Schools or Schools of Design, one in 
Philadelphia and the other in Pittsburgh. There are also Com- 
mercial Schools and Schools of Dentistry, Music, Elocution and 
Calisthenics. 

In the field of Natural Science, Art and Literature, Pennsylva- 
nia can point with pride to the American Philosophical Society 
the American Historical Society, the Numismatic Society, the 
Academy of Natural Science, and the Academy of Fine Arts ; and 
the general intelligence of her people is shown by her 14,849 
public and large private libraries, containing 6,377,845 volumes ; 
her 600 periodicals, circulating nearly 4,000,000 of copies; and 
her hundreds of flourishing Lyceums and Literary Societies. 

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION. 

The Medical Colleges of Pennsylvania are widely known. 
There are also a number of Theological Schools and several Law 
Schools. 

SOLDIERS’ ORPHAN SCHOOLS. 

In 1865, Pennsylvania established a comprehensive system of 
schools for the destitute orphans of her soldiers killed or crippled 
in the late civil war. Into these schools 8,500 children have been 
gathered from all parts of the State, fed, clothed, instructed and 


88 INDEX. 

Exhibits of Normal Schools... 


LIBRARY of congress 


0 019 850 099 9 


Girls’ Normal School, Philadelphia; Millersville Normal School 38 

Edinboro, Ivutztown, Bloomsburg 39 

West Chester, Shippensburg, Indiana, 4 ° 

Soldiers’ Orth an Schools 4 ° 

Andersonburg, Bridgewater 4 ° 

Chester Springs, Dayton 4 1 

Harford, Industrial School, Lincoln Institution, Mansfield 4 2 

McAlisterville, Mercer, Mount Joy 43 

Phillipsburg , 44 

Soldiers’ Orphan Institute — 45 

Uniontown. 4 ^ 

White Hall, Lancaster Home, Church Home, Educational Home 47 

Loysville Home, Butler Home, St. Vincent Asylum 48 

Sunday-Schools 48 

Institution for the Blind 5 1 

Publications for the Blind 5 2 

Pennsylvania Institution for Feeble-Minded Children 53 

National School of Elocution. 53 

School of Design for Women 54 

Peirce’s Business College 57 

American Literary Union 58 

Book Publishers’ Exhibit 59 

J. H. Butler & Co., Claxton, Remsen & Haffelfinger 59 

Cowperthwait & Co., Eldredge & Co., A. H. English & Co 60 

J. B. Lippincott & Co., Sower, Potts & Co 61 

Philosophical Apparatus 62 

William Y. McAlister 62 

N. H. Edgerton 63 

School Furniture 64. 


Keystone School and Church Furniture Co 64 

I. Newton Peirce, Evans & Baird, Excelsior School Furniture Co., J. D. 
Dififenderfer 65 


A Model of a Country School House 66 

School Apparatus 66 

Keystone School and Church Furniture Co 66 

Excelsior School Furniture Company, C. E. Pond, Hugh R. Stewart, 

J. L. Smith, A. B. Justice & €0 67 

Miller Organ Company, Perrot’s Music Charts .... 68 

Sibole & Stellwagen, Robert Riddle 69 

Astronomical Apparatus 70 

John Davis 70 

Henry Whitall, John Devlin, Miscellaneous Articles 72 

School Ornamentation 73 

Appendix Containing Outline of the Pennsylvania System of Pub- 
lic Instruction 74 to 86 


i' < 


